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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Direct vs Indirect Speech
직접화법 vs 간접화법 — 말한 내용을 전달하는 두 가지 방법

Direct Speech → 말한 그대로 인용합니다. 인용부호(" ")를 사용하고 원래 시제를 유지합니다.

Indirect Speech → 말한 내용을 전달하는 형태로 변환합니다. 인용부호 없이 시제/대명사/시간 표현이 변화합니다.

  • "I'm tired," she said.직접화법 — 말한 그대로 전달
  • She said she was tired.간접화법 — 보고하는 형태로 변환
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
시제 변화 · TENSE SHIFT
현재 → 과거
현재진행 → 과거진행
현재완료 → 과거완료
조동사 변화 · MODAL SHIFT
will → would
can → could
may → might
대명사 변화 · PRONOUN
I → he/she
my → his/her
we → they
시간 표현 · TIME WORDS
now → then
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
  • Direct Speech: "문장," + 주어 + said → 인용부호 사용, 원래 시제 유지
  • Indirect Speech: 주어 + said + that + 문장 → 시제/대명사/시간 표현 변화
  • 의문문 (Yes/No): 주어 + asked + if/whether + 문장
  • 의문문 (Wh-): 주어 + asked + wh-word + 문장
  • 명령문: 주어 + told + 목적어 + to + 동사원형
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • "I'm happy," she said.→ She said that she was happy.
  • "We love music," they said.→ They said that they loved music.
  • "He is tired," John said.→ John said that he was tired.
  • "I have finished," I said.→ I said that I had finished.
  • "She can swim," he said.→ He said that she could swim.
  • "We are ready," they said.→ They said that they were ready.
  • "I will go," she said.→ She said that she would go.
  • "They play soccer," he said.→ He said that they played soccer.
  • "I like this book," she said.→ She said that she liked that book.
  • "We are studying," they said.→ They said that they were studying.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • "Where are you?" he asked.→ He asked where I was.
  • "Do you like pizza?" she asked.→ She asked if I liked pizza.
  • "Can you help me?" I asked.→ I asked if he could help me.
  • "Are they coming?" we asked.→ We asked if they were coming.
  • "What is your name?" he asked.→ He asked what my name was.
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: "I'm ready for the test," she said.
B: She said that she was ready for the test.
A: "Do you understand the question?" the teacher asked.
B: The teacher asked if I understood the question.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: "We love this city," they said.
B: They said that they loved the city.
A: "Where is the hotel?" I asked.
B: You asked where the hotel was.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: "I finished the report," he said.
B: He said that he had finished the report.
A: "Can you join the meeting?" she asked.
B: She asked if I could join the meeting.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: "I'm logging in now," she said.
B: She said that she was logging in then.
A: "Did you get the link?" I asked.
B: You asked if I had gotten the link.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: "We are cooking dinner," they said.
B: They said that they were cooking dinner.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
"I'm happy," she said.
→ She said that she was happy.
"We love music," they said.
→ They said that they loved music.
"I have finished," I said.
→ I said that I had finished.
"I will go," she said.
→ She said that she would go.
"Where are you?" he asked.
→ He asked where I was.
"Do you like pizza?" she asked.
→ She asked if I liked pizza.
"Can you help me?" I asked.
→ I asked if he could help me.
"I like this book," she said.
→ She said that she liked that book.
"What is your name?" he asked.
→ He asked what my name was.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • The teacher said that the exam was on Friday.🏫 학교 — 선생님이 시험이 금요일이라고 말했다.
  • He told me that he had finished the report.💼 직장 — 그가 보고서를 끝냈다고 말했다.
  • She asked if I could join the meeting.💻 온라인 — 그녀가 회의에 참석할 수 있는지 물었다.
  • They said that they loved the city.✈️ 여행 — 그들이 그 도시를 좋아한다고 말했다.
  • Mom said that dinner was ready.🏠 가족 — 엄마가 저녁이 준비됐다고 말했다.
  • The doctor asked if I had taken the medicine.🏥 병원 — 의사가 약을 먹었는지 물었다.
  • He told me that he would be late.📋 일상 — 그가 늦을 거라고 말했다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
평서문 전달 · STATEMENT
주어 + said (that) + 시제 변환된 문장
She said that she was tired.
Yes/No 의문문 · YES/NO QUESTION
주어 + asked + if/whether + 문장
He asked if I liked pizza.
Wh- 의문문 · WH-QUESTION
주어 + asked + wh-word + 주어 + 동사
She asked where I was going.
명령문 전달 · COMMAND
주어 + told + 목적어 + to + 동사원형
He told me to sit down.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ He said that he is tired.
✓ He said that he was tired.
간접화법에서는 시제를 한 단계 뒤로 (현재→과거)
✗ She asked me where am I.
✓ She asked me where I was.
간접 의문문은 평서문 어순 (주어 + 동사)
✗ He said me that he was happy.
✓ He said that he was happy. / He told me that he was happy.
said 뒤에는 목적어 없이 that, told 뒤에는 목적어 필요
✗ She asked if did I like pizza.
✓ She asked if I liked pizza.
간접 의문문은 도치 없이 평서문 어순 사용
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 시제 변화 규칙 암기
현재→과거, 현재진행→과거진행, 현재완료→과거완료, will→would, can→could로 변환하세요.
TIP 2 · said vs told 구분
"said"는 목적어 없이: He said that... / "told"는 목적어 필수: He told me that...
TIP 3 · 의문문 어순 주의
간접 의문문은 도치하지 않고 "주어 + 동사" 어순으로! "Where are you?" → He asked where I was.
TIP 4 · 실생활 연습
친구가 말한 내용을 다른 사람에게 전달하는 연습을 해보세요. "She said that..." 패턴으로 매일 3문장!
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

다음 직접화법을 간접화법으로 바꿔보세요.

  • "I am busy," he said. (He said that he was busy.)
  • "We will come," they said. (They said that they would come.)
  • "I can help you," she said. (She said that she could help me.)
  • "Do you have a pen?" she asked. (She asked if I had a pen.)
  • "Where is the station?" he asked. (He asked where the station was.)
  • "I have seen that movie," she said. (She said she had seen that movie.)
  • "They are playing outside," Mom said. (Mom said they were playing outside.)
  • "What time is it?" she asked. (She asked what time it was.)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 직접화법의 구조를 안다.
  • 간접화법의 구조를 안다.
  • 시제 변환 규칙을 이해했다.
  • 대명사/시간 표현 변환을 할 수 있다.
  • said와 told의 차이를 안다.
  • 간접 의문문을 만들 수 있다.
  • 일상에서 간접화법을 사용할 수 있다.