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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Passive Voice
수동태 — be + 과거분사

수동태는 행위의 대상을 강조하는 문장 구조입니다. 주어가 행동을 받는 입장일 때 사용합니다.

주로 행위자보다 결과나 대상이 중요할 때, 또는 행위자를 모를 때 사용합니다.

  • 능동: They clean the room.그들이 방을 청소한다.
  • 수동: The room is cleaned (by them).방이 청소된다. (방이 청소되는 사실이 중요)
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
현재형 · PRESENT
am/is/are + p.p
The room is cleaned.
과거형 · PAST
was/were + p.p
The room was cleaned.
부정문 · NEGATIVE
is not cleaned / was not cleaned
의문문 · QUESTION
Is the room cleaned? / Was it cleaned?
  • 현재형 수동태: am / is / are + p.p → The book is read.
  • 과거형 수동태: was / were + p.p → The book was read.
  • 주어에 따라 be동사 형태가 달라짐
  • 행위자 표현: by + 사람 → The cake was made by my mom.
  • 능동→수동 변환: 목적어가 주어로 이동
  • 수동태 용도: 결과, 상태, 책임을 강조할 때 유용
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • The room is cleaned every day.방이 매일 청소된다.
  • English is taught at this school.이 학교에서 영어가 가르쳐진다.
  • The homework is checked by the teacher.숙제가 선생님에 의해 확인된다.
  • Lunch is served at noon.점심이 정오에 제공된다.
  • Letters are delivered in the morning.편지가 아침에 배달된다.
  • The windows are washed weekly.창문이 매주 닦인다.
  • The project is finished on time.프로젝트가 제시간에 끝난다.
  • Books are borrowed from the library.책이 도서관에서 빌려진다.
  • The door is locked at night.문이 밤에 잠긴다.
  • Classes are held online.수업이 온라인으로 진행된다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Is the room cleaned every day?방이 매일 청소되나요?
  • Was the homework checked this morning?숙제가 오늘 아침에 확인되었나요?
  • Are the windows washed weekly?창문이 매주 닦이나요?
  • Were the letters delivered on time?편지가 제시간에 배달되었나요?
  • Is lunch served at noon?점심이 정오에 제공되나요?
  • Was the door locked last night?문이 어젯밤에 잠겼나요?
  • Are books borrowed from the library?책이 도서관에서 빌려지나요?
  • Were classes held offline before?수업이 예전에는 오프라인으로 진행되었나요?
  • Is English taught here?영어가 여기서 가르쳐지나요?
  • Was the project finished yesterday?프로젝트가 어제 끝났나요?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Is the homework checked today?
B: Yes, it's checked every morning.
A: Was it checked yesterday?
B: No, it wasn't.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Are the rooms cleaned daily?
B: Yes, they are cleaned by staff.
A: Was our room cleaned yesterday?
B: I think so.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: Is the report sent to the manager?
B: Yes, it's sent every Friday.
A: Was it sent last week?
B: No, it was delayed.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: Are the files uploaded?
B: Yes, they are uploaded automatically.
A: Were they uploaded yesterday?
B: No, there was an error.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: Is dinner cooked?
B: Yes, it's cooked by Dad.
A: Was it cooked yesterday?
B: No, we ordered food.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: Is the medicine given now?
B: Yes, it's given every 6 hours.
A: Was it given this morning?
B: Yes, it was.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
They clean the room. (능동태)
→ The room is cleaned. (수동태)
She teaches English. (능동태)
→ English is taught. (수동태)
They cleaned the room yesterday. (능동 과거)
→ The room was cleaned yesterday. (수동 과거)
He checks the homework. (능동태)
→ The homework is checked by him. (수동태)
They deliver letters in the morning. (능동태)
→ Letters are delivered in the morning. (수동태)
Someone locked the door last night. (능동태)
→ The door was locked last night. (수동태)
My mom made the cake. (능동태)
→ The cake was made by my mom. (수동태)
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • The project is finished.💼 직장 — 결과 강조: 프로젝트가 완료되었다.
  • The door is locked.🏠 가족 — 상태 표현: 문이 잠겨 있다.
  • My wallet was stolen.🏥 병원/경찰 — 행위자 모름: 지갑을 도난당했다.
  • Letters are delivered.💼 직장 — 공식적 표현: 편지가 배달된다.
  • The room was cleaned yesterday.✈️ 여행 — 호텔: 방이 어제 청소되었다.
  • English is taught at this school.🏫 학교 — 영어가 이 학교에서 가르쳐진다.
  • The files are uploaded automatically.💻 온라인 — 파일이 자동으로 업로드된다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
현재 수동 · PRESENT PASSIVE
am/is/are + p.p + 장소/시간
The room is cleaned daily.
과거 수동 · PAST PASSIVE
was/were + p.p + 장소/시간
The room was cleaned yesterday.
현재완료 수동 · PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE
have/has been + p.p
The room has been cleaned.
미래 수동 · FUTURE PASSIVE
will be + p.p
The room will be cleaned tomorrow.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ The room cleaned every day.
✓ The room is cleaned every day.
수동태에는 반드시 be동사가 필요합니다.
✗ The room is clean every day.
✓ The room is cleaned every day.
수동태에는 과거분사(p.p)를 사용해야 합니다.
✗ English is teached at this school.
✓ English is taught at this school.
teach의 과거분사는 taught (불규칙 변화)입니다.
✗ The letters was delivered.
✓ The letters were delivered.
복수 주어(letters)에는 were를 사용합니다.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 주어가 행동을 받는지 확인
문장의 주어가 직접 행동하는지, 행동을 받는지 먼저 판단하세요. 받는 입장이면 수동태!
TIP 2 · by + 행위자는 생략 가능
행위자가 중요하지 않거나 모를 때는 by ~ 부분을 생략할 수 있습니다.
TIP 3 · 불규칙 과거분사 암기
teach-taught, write-written, make-made 등 불규칙 변화는 반드시 외우세요.
TIP 4 · 뉴스/공식 문서에서 연습
뉴스 기사나 공식 문서에서 수동태가 자주 사용됩니다. 읽으면서 패턴을 익혀보세요.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

다음 능동태 문장을 수동태로 바꿔보세요.

  • They clean the room. (The room is cleaned.)
  • She teaches English. (English is taught.)
  • He checked the homework. (The homework was checked.)
  • They serve lunch at noon. (Lunch is served at noon.)
  • Someone stole my wallet. (My wallet was stolen.)
  • They washed the windows. (The windows were washed.)
  • My mom made the cake. (The cake was made by my mom.)
  • They hold classes online. (Classes are held online.)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 수동태의 기본 구조(be + p.p)를 이해한다.
  • 현재형과 과거형 수동태를 구분할 수 있다.
  • 능동태를 수동태로 변환할 수 있다.
  • 수동태 부정문과 의문문을 만들 수 있다.
  • by + 행위자를 적절히 사용할 수 있다.
  • 일상 대화에서 수동태를 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 4가지를 이해했다.