1
기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Subjunctive Mood
가정법 — 현실과 다른 상황, 희망, 제안, 요구를 표현하는 문법

가정법(Subjunctive Mood)은 실제 사실이 아닌 상상, 바람, 조건 등을 나타내는 문법입니다.

동사 원형 유지, were 사용, that절 구조가 핵심이며 시험, 공식 표현, 글쓰기에서 자주 등장합니다.

  • If I were you, I would rest.가정 — 내가 너라면 쉴 텐데.
  • I wish I were taller.희망 — 키가 더 컸으면 좋겠어.
  • I suggest that he study harder.제안 — 그가 더 열심히 공부하길 제안해.
  • It is essential that she be on time.요구 — 그녀가 시간을 지키는 것이 필수야.
2
문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
가정 · IF CLAUSE
If I were you...
모든 주어에 were 사용
희망 · WISH
I wish I were...
현실과 반대 소망
제안 · SUGGEST
suggest that he study
동사 원형 (s 없음)
필수 · ESSENTIAL
It is essential that she be
be동사도 원형 유지
  • 주어가 3인칭이라도 동사에 s를 붙이지 않음 (he study, not he studies)
  • be동사: 모든 주어에 대해 be 사용 (she be, they be)
  • 가정법 과거: 현실과 반대되는 상황 표현 (If I were rich...)
  • that절 구조: suggest/recommend/insist/demand + that + 주어 + 동사원형
  • It is important/vital/essential + that + 주어 + 동사원형
3
긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • If I were you, I would take a break.내가 너라면 쉴 텐데.
  • If he were here, we could start.그가 여기 있다면 시작할 수 있을 텐데.
  • I wish I were at home now.지금 집에 있으면 좋겠어.
  • She wishes she were more confident.자신감이 더 있으면 좋겠다고 생각해.
  • I suggest that he study harder.그가 더 열심히 공부하길 제안해.
  • They recommend that she be careful.그녀가 조심하길 권장해.
  • It is essential that he attend the meeting.그가 회의에 참석하는 것이 필수야.
  • We insist that she be present.그녀가 참석하길 강력히 요구해.
  • The teacher demanded that he apologize.선생님이 그에게 사과하라고 요구했어.
  • I propose that we start early.일찍 시작하자고 제안해.
4
의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Why do we say "he study" instead of "he studies"?왜 "he studies"가 아니라 "he study"라고 하나요?
  • Can you explain "I wish I were"?"I wish I were"를 설명해 줄 수 있나요?
  • Why is "she be" correct in that-clauses?that절에서 왜 "she be"가 맞나요?
  • What does "If I were you" mean?"If I were you"는 무슨 뜻인가요?
  • What verbs trigger subjunctive mood?어떤 동사가 가정법을 유발하나요?
  • What's the difference between "I wish I was" and "I wish I were"?"I wish I was"와 "I wish I were"의 차이는?
  • Why do we use base form verbs after "suggest"?왜 "suggest" 뒤에 동사 원형을 사용하나요?
  • How do you know when to use subjunctive mood?가정법을 언제 써야 하는지 어떻게 아나요?
5
상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: He's not doing well in class.
B: I suggest that he study with a tutor.
A: That's a good idea.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: I wish I were in Paris right now.
B: Me too. It's beautiful this time of year.
A: If I were there, I'd visit the Eiffel Tower.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: She's often late.
B: It's important that she be on time.
A: I'll talk to her about punctuality.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: He didn't reply.
B: If he were online, he would have seen it.
A: Maybe he's busy with work.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: I wish Dad were here.
B: He'll be back soon from his trip.
A: I miss him so much.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: She's not improving.
B: The doctor recommends that she rest more.
A: Let's follow that advice carefully.
☕ 카페 상황 · CAFE
A: This coffee is too strong.
B: I wish it were milder.
A: Should we order something else?
📋 회의 상황 · MEETING
A: Everyone should attend tomorrow.
B: It's essential that they be present.
A: I'll send a reminder email.
6
문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I am not you.
→ If I were you, I would help.
He is not here.
→ If he were here, we could begin.
I want to be taller.
→ I wish I were taller.
She needs to be careful.
→ I suggest that she be careful.
He should study.
→ It is important that he study.
They must leave.
→ We demand that they leave now.
I am not rich.
→ If I were rich, I'd buy a house.
She is not confident.
→ She wishes she were confident.
He must apologize.
→ The teacher insisted that he apologize.
7
실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I recommend that he submit the report by Friday.📧 이메일 — 금요일까지 보고서를 제출하길 권합니다.
  • It is vital that everyone be present.📋 회의 — 모두가 참석하는 것이 중요합니다.
  • I wish I were more fluent in Korean.💬 자기소개 — 한국어를 더 유창하게 하면 좋겠어.
  • If I were you, I'd take a break.💼 상담 — 내가 너라면 쉴 거야.
  • We suggest that the applicant provide references.📄 지원서 — 지원자가 추천서를 제출하길 제안합니다.
  • I wish Dad were here for dinner.🏠 가족 — 아빠가 저녁에 함께 있으면 좋겠어.
  • The doctor insists that she rest completely.🏥 병원 — 의사가 완전히 쉬라고 주장합니다.
8
자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
가정 · IF WERE
If I were you, I would...
If I were rich, I'd travel the world.
희망 · WISH WERE
I wish I were...
I wish it were easier.
제안 · SUGGEST THAT
I suggest that he study...
They demanded that he leave.
필수 · IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT
It is essential that she be...
It is vital that everyone participate.
9
흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ I wish I was taller.
✓ I wish I were taller.
가정법에서는 모든 주어에 were 사용
✗ He suggests that she studies.
✓ He suggests that she study.
that절에서 동사는 원형 사용 (s 없음)
✗ It is important that he attends.
✓ It is important that he attend.
필수/중요 표현 뒤 that절도 동사 원형
✗ If I was rich...
✓ If I were rich...
가정법 if절에서는 were 사용
✗ They demanded that he leaves.
✓ They demanded that he leave.
demand + that + 동사원형
✗ She wishes she was here.
✓ She wishes she were here.
wish + 주어 + were (가정법 과거)
✗ I recommend that he goes.
✓ I recommend that he go.
recommend + that + 동사원형
✗ It is vital that she comes.
✓ It is vital that she come.
vital + that + 동사원형
10
레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · were는 만능
가정법에서는 I/he/she/it 모두 were를 씁니다. "If I were in your position"으로 예의바른 조언을 해보세요.
TIP 2 · that절 동사 원형
suggest, recommend, insist, demand 뒤의 that절에서는 반드시 동사 원형! he study, she be처럼 사용하세요.
TIP 3 · 정중한 표현
가정법은 정중한 표현을 만들어 비즈니스 영어에서 유용합니다. "If I were hired..."로 면접에서도 활용하세요.
TIP 4 · 감정 표현
일기나 에세이 작성 시 "I wish" 구문으로 감정 표현력을 향상시키세요. "As if/As though"와 함께 사용하면 더 풍부해집니다.
11
연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 동사 형태를 선택하세요.

  • I wish I ___ taller. (were)
  • He suggests that she ___ harder. (study)
  • It is important that he ___ the meeting. (attend)
  • If I ___ rich, I'd travel. (were)
  • They demanded that he ___. (leave)
  • She wishes she ___ here. (were)
  • I recommend that he ___. (go)
  • It is vital that she ___. (come)
12
자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 가정법에서는 were를 모든 주어에 사용한다는 것을 안다.
  • 제안/요구/필수 표현에서는 동사 원형을 사용한다.
  • If I were you / I wish I were 구문을 만들 수 있다.
  • suggest, recommend, insist, demand 뒤에 that절 + 원형동사를 쓸 수 있다.
  • It is important/vital/essential 뒤에 that절 + 원형동사를 쓸 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 8가지를 이해했다.
  • 일상 대화에서 가정법을 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.