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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Advanced Passive Voice
수동태 — 주어가 동작을 받는 문장 구조 (be + 과거분사)

능동태: 주어가 행동함 → 수동태: 주어가 행동을 당함

기본 구조: be + 과거분사(p.p.) — 행위자보다 결과나 상태에 초점을 맞춤

  • They cleaned the room. → The room was cleaned.능동 → 수동
  • She will write a report. → A report will be written.능동 → 수동
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
현재 · PRESENT
is/are + p.p.
The book is read.
과거 · PAST
was/were + p.p.
The book was read.
완료 · PERFECT
has/had been + p.p.
The book has been read.
미래/조동사 · FUTURE
will/can/must be + p.p.
The book will be read.
  • 진행형 수동태: is/was being + p.p. → The book is being read.
  • 행위자(by + 사람): 생략 가능, 강조할 때만 사용
  • 시제에 따라 be동사 형태가 달라짐
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • The homework is checked every day.현재 수동태
  • Emails are sent in the morning.현재 수동태
  • The room was cleaned yesterday.과거 수동태
  • The documents were printed last night.과거 수동태
  • The report has been submitted.현재완료 수동태
  • All tasks have been completed.현재완료 수동태
  • The message had been sent before noon.과거완료 수동태
  • The project will be finished soon.미래 수동태
  • The room is being cleaned now.진행형 수동태
  • The form must be filled out.조동사 수동태
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Why do we say "is cleaned" instead of "cleans"?왜 "cleans"가 아니라 "is cleaned"라고 하나요?
  • Can you explain "has been submitted"?"has been submitted"를 설명해 주세요.
  • What does "was being written" mean?"was being written"은 무슨 뜻인가요?
  • Why is "be + p.p." used in passive voice?왜 수동태에서 "be + p.p."를 사용하나요?
  • When should we use passive voice instead of active?능동태 대신 수동태를 언제 사용해야 하나요?
  • Can you explain "is being cleaned" vs "is cleaned"?"is being cleaned"와 "is cleaned"의 차이는?
  • How do you form the past participle of irregular verbs?불규칙 동사의 과거분사는 어떻게 만드나요?
  • What situations are best for using passive voice?수동태를 사용하기 가장 좋은 상황은?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Did you submit the homework?
B: Yes, it was submitted this morning.
A: Great! I'm sure it'll be graded soon.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Is the room ready for us?
B: It is being cleaned right now.
A: Okay, we'll wait in the lobby.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: Has the report been sent to the client?
B: Yes, it has been emailed to them.
A: Perfect. They should receive it shortly.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: Will the results be posted today?
B: Yes, they will be uploaded tonight.
A: I'll check the website later then.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: Who cleaned the kitchen so well?
B: It was cleaned by Dad.
A: He always does such a thorough job.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: Should the medicine be taken now?
B: Yes, it should be taken before lunch.
A: Got it, I'll take it right away.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
They clean the room.
→ The room is cleaned.
She wrote the report.
→ The report was written.
He has completed the task.
→ The task has been completed.
They had sent the email.
→ The email had been sent.
We will finish the project.
→ The project will be finished.
She is writing the letter.
→ The letter is being written.
You must follow the rules.
→ The rules must be followed.
We can solve the problem.
→ The problem can be solved.
They should complete the form.
→ The form should be completed.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • The homework is checked every morning.🏫 학교 — 숙제가 매일 아침 확인된다.
  • The report has been submitted to the manager.💼 직장 — 보고서가 매니저에게 제출되었다.
  • The results will be posted on the website.💻 온라인 — 결과가 웹사이트에 게시될 것이다.
  • The dishes were washed by Mom.🏠 가족 — 설거지가 엄마에 의해 되었다.
  • The medicine must be taken before meals.🏥 병원 — 약은 식전에 복용해야 한다.
  • This product is made in Korea.🛒 쇼핑 — 이 제품은 한국에서 만들어진다.
  • The flight has been delayed by weather.✈️ 공항 — 날씨로 인해 비행기가 지연되었다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
현재 수동 · PRESENT PASSIVE
is/are + p.p.
The book is read every day.
과거 수동 · PAST PASSIVE
was/were + p.p.
The room was cleaned yesterday.
완료 수동 · PERFECT PASSIVE
has/have/had been + p.p.
The report has been submitted.
조동사 수동 · MODAL PASSIVE
can/must/should be + p.p.
The form must be filled out.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ The room cleaned.
✓ The room was cleaned.
be동사 없이 p.p.만 쓸 수 없음
✗ The report is write.
✓ The report is written.
원형이 아닌 과거분사(p.p.) 사용
✗ The homework has been check.
✓ The homework has been checked.
has been 뒤에 p.p. 형태 필수
✗ The email will sent.
✓ The email will be sent.
will 뒤에 be 필수
✗ The task should complete.
✓ The task should be completed.
조동사 수동태: should be + p.p.
✗ The book is reading.
✓ The book is being read.
진행형 수동태: is being + p.p.
✗ The work will finished.
✓ The work will be finished.
will be + p.p. 구조 필수
✗ The letter was wrote.
✓ The letter was written.
write의 과거분사는 written (wrote는 과거형)
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · be동사 핵심
수동태의 핵심은 be + p.p.입니다. 시제에 따라 be동사 형태만 바꾸면 됩니다.
TIP 2 · 과거분사 암기
불규칙 동사의 과거분사를 정확히 기억하세요. write → written, see → seen, take → taken
TIP 3 · 공식 문서에 유용
수동태는 객관적이고 정중한 표현에 유용합니다. 비즈니스 영어, 뉴스, 학술 글에서 자주 사용됩니다.
TIP 4 · 결과에 집중
행위자를 모르거나 결과에 집중할 때 수동태가 효과적입니다. "The window was broken."
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

능동태를 수동태로 바꾸세요.

  • They clean the room. → The room ___. (is cleaned)
  • She wrote the report. → The report ___. (was written)
  • He has completed the task. → The task ___. (has been completed)
  • We will finish the project. → The project ___. (will be finished)
  • She is writing the letter. → The letter ___. (is being written)
  • You must follow the rules. → The rules ___. (must be followed)
  • They had sent the email. → The email ___. (had been sent)
  • We can solve the problem. → The problem ___. (can be solved)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 수동태는 be + p.p. 구조가 핵심이라는 것을 안다.
  • 시제에 따라 be동사 형태가 달라진다는 것을 안다.
  • 진행형 수동태(is/was being + p.p.)를 만들 수 있다.
  • 완료형 수동태(has/had been + p.p.)를 만들 수 있다.
  • 조동사 수동태(can/must/should be + p.p.)를 만들 수 있다.
  • 불규칙 동사의 과거분사를 정확히 기억한다.
  • 흔한 실수 8가지를 이해했다.