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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Advanced Relative Clauses
관계절 — 명사 뒤에서 설명을 덧붙이는 절

관계대명사(who, which, that 등)를 사용하여 명사를 수식합니다.

제한적(필수 정보)과 비제한적(추가 정보, 쉼표 사용)으로 나뉩니다.

  • The man who helped me is my teacher.제한적 — 나를 도와준 남자는 내 선생님이야.
  • My brother, who lives in Seoul, is visiting.비제한적 — 서울에 사는 내 형이 방문 중이야.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
WHO · 사람 주어
who + 동사
The girl who called me
WHICH · 사물
which + 동사
The car which broke down
WHOSE · 소유
whose + 명사
The student whose book
WHERE/WHEN · 장소/시간
where / when
The café where we met
  • who: 사람을 주어로 설명 / whom: 사람을 목적어로 설명
  • that: 사람/사물 모두 가능, 제한적 관계절에 사용
  • 제한적 관계절: 필수 정보, 쉼표 없음
  • 비제한적 관계절: 추가 정보, 쉼표 있음
  • 관계절은 명사 바로 뒤에 위치함
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • The woman who called is my aunt.전화한 여자는 내 이모야.
  • The man whom I met was kind.내가 만난 남자는 친절했어.
  • The boy whose bike was stolen is crying.자전거를 도난당한 소년이 울고 있어.
  • The book which helped me is on the shelf.나를 도와준 책이 선반에 있어.
  • The movie that we watched was exciting.우리가 본 영화는 흥미진진했어.
  • The cafe where we met is closed now.우리가 만난 카페가 지금 닫혔어.
  • The day when we arrived was rainy.우리가 도착한 날은 비가 왔어.
  • My sister, who lives in Busan, is a doctor.부산에 사는 내 여동생은 의사야.
  • This book, which I bought yesterday, is amazing.어제 산 이 책은 놀라워.
  • Our teacher, whose lessons are fun, is very popular.수업이 재미있는 우리 선생님은 인기가 많아.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Why do we say "who helped me" instead of "he helped me"?왜 "he helped me"가 아니라 "who helped me"라고 하나요?
  • Can you explain the difference between "which" and "that"?"which"와 "that"의 차이를 설명해 줄 수 있나요?
  • What does "whose book is missing" mean?"whose book is missing"은 무슨 뜻인가요?
  • Why is there no comma in "The man who helped me..."?"The man who helped me..."에 왜 쉼표가 없나요?
  • Can you show a sentence with a non-defining clause?비제한적 관계절이 있는 문장을 보여줄 수 있나요?
  • Can you use "where" in a sentence about a cafe?카페에 대한 문장에서 "where"를 사용할 수 있나요?
  • Can you use "when" to describe a holiday?휴일을 설명할 때 "when"을 사용할 수 있나요?
  • How do relative clauses improve writing clarity?관계절이 글쓰기 명확성을 어떻게 향상시키나요?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Who's that student?
B: The one who won the contest.
A: Impressive!
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Where did you stay?
B: At the hotel where we met last year.
A: Oh, I remember!
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: Who's leading the project?
B: The manager whose team succeeded last quarter.
A: Good choice.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: What's that app?
B: The one which helps you focus.
A: I'll try it.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: Who's that man?
B: My uncle, who lives in Jeju.
A: He looks kind.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: Who treated her?
B: The doctor who specializes in recovery.
A: She's lucky.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
The man is my teacher. He helped me.
→ The man who helped me is my teacher.
I met a woman. She called yesterday.
→ I met the woman who called yesterday.
The student lost his book. His book is red.
→ The student whose book is red lost it.
He bought a phone. It broke.
→ The phone that he bought broke.
I remember the day. We arrived then.
→ I remember the day when we arrived.
She lives in a house. The house is old.
→ She lives in a house which is old.
This book is amazing. I bought it yesterday.
→ This book, which I bought yesterday, is amazing.
Our teacher is popular. Her lessons are fun.
→ Our teacher, whose lessons are fun, is popular.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • The student who asked the question was curious.🏫 학교 — 질문한 학생은 호기심이 많았다.
  • The report which you submitted was excellent.💼 직장 — 제출한 보고서가 훌륭했다.
  • My uncle, who lives in Busan, is visiting.🏠 가족 — 부산에 사는 삼촌이 방문 중이야.
  • The app that helps you focus is trending.💻 온라인 — 집중을 도와주는 앱이 인기야.
  • The doctor whose patients recover quickly is respected.🏥 병원 — 환자가 빨리 회복하는 의사는 존경받는다.
  • The hotel where we stayed was beautiful.✈️ 여행 — 우리가 묵은 호텔은 아름다웠다.
  • The manager who led the project gave a speech.📋 회의 — 프로젝트를 이끈 매니저가 연설했다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
WHO · 사람
The person who + 동사
The man who helped me is my teacher.
WHICH/THAT · 사물
The thing which/that + 동사
The book which helped me is on the shelf.
WHERE/WHEN · 장소/시간
The place where / The time when
The cafe where we met is closed.
비제한적 · NON-DEFINING
명사, who/which/whose + 동사 (쉼표 필수)
My sister, who lives in Busan, is a doctor.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ The man which helped me.
✓ The man who helped me.
사람에는 who 사용 (which는 사물)
✗ The book who is new.
✓ The book which is new.
사물에는 which 사용 (who는 사람)
✗ The student whose is smart.
✓ The student who is smart.
whose는 소유격 — 뒤에 명사가 와야 함
✗ The cafe when we met.
✓ The cafe where we met.
장소에는 where 사용 (when은 시간)
✗ My brother who lives in Seoul is visiting.
✓ My brother, who lives in Seoul, is visiting.
비제한적 관계절에는 쉼표 필수
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · who vs which
who은 사람, which은 사물, that은 둘 다 가능합니다.
TIP 2 · 쉼표 규칙
제한적 관계절은 쉼표 없이, 비제한적 관계절은 쉼표와 함께 사용합니다.
TIP 3 · whose 소유
whose 뒤에는 반드시 명사가 와야 합니다. "whose book", "whose team"
TIP 4 · 위치 중요
관계절은 명사 바로 뒤에 위치해야 자연스럽습니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 관계대명사를 넣으세요.

  • The man ___ helped me is my teacher. (who)
  • The cafe ___ we met is closed. (where)
  • The student ___ book is missing is crying. (whose)
  • The movie ___ we watched was exciting. (that)
  • The day ___ we arrived was rainy. (when)
  • The car ___ broke down is mine. (which)
  • The man ___ I met was kind. (whom)
  • My sister, ___ lives in Busan, is a doctor. (who)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • who, which, that, whose, where, when을 정확히 사용할 수 있다.
  • 제한적 관계절과 비제한적 관계절의 차이를 안다.
  • 두 문장을 관계절로 결합할 수 있다.
  • 비제한적 관계절에 쉼표를 올바르게 사용할 수 있다.
  • whose 뒤에 명사가 와야 한다는 것을 안다.
  • 흔한 실수 5가지를 이해했다.
  • 일상 대화에서 관계절을 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.