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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Advanced Reported Speech
간접화법 — 다른 사람의 말을 간접적으로 전달하는 표현

직접화법: "I'm tired," she said.

간접화법: She said (that) she was tired.

시제, 인칭, 시간/장소 표현이 바뀝니다.

  • "I am busy," he said. → He said (that) he was busy.진술문 전환
  • "Can you help me?" she asked. → She asked if I could help her.의문문 전환
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
시제 전환 · TENSE
am → was
have seen → had seen
will → would
인칭 변화 · PRONOUN
I → he/she
you → I/he/she
my → his/her
시간/장소 · TIME/PLACE
today → that day
now → then
here → there
문장 유형 · TYPES
진술: said (that)
의문: asked if/wh-
명령: told + to
  • 진술문: say/tell + (that) + 주어 + 동사
  • 의문문: ask + if/whether/wh- + 주어 + 동사 (어순 변화)
  • 명령문: tell/ask + 목적어 + to 동사
  • 부정 명령문: tell + 목적어 + not to 동사
  • 제안문: suggest + that + 주어 + 동사 / suggest + -ing
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • "I'm tired," she said. → She said (that) she was tired.진술문
  • "We are ready," they said. → They said (that) they were ready.진술문
  • "He has finished," she said. → She said (that) he had finished.진술문
  • "Are you okay?" he asked. → He asked if I was okay.의문문
  • "Where do you live?" she asked. → She asked where I lived.의문문
  • "Can you help me?" he asked. → He asked if I could help him.의문문
  • "Close the door," she said. → She told me to close the door.명령문
  • "Don't be late," he said. → He told me not to be late.부정 명령문
  • "Let's go," he said. → He suggested that we go.제안문
  • "Why don't we wait?" she said. → She suggested waiting.제안문
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Why do we say "was" instead of "am" in reported speech?왜 간접화법에서 "am" 대신 "was"라고 하나요?
  • Can you explain how "can" becomes "could"?"can"이 "could"로 바뀌는 것을 설명해 줄 수 있나요?
  • What happens to "today" in reported speech?간접화법에서 "today"는 어떻게 되나요?
  • Why do we change the word order in reported questions?왜 간접 의문문에서 어순이 바뀌나요?
  • What's the difference between "say" and "tell"?"say"와 "tell"의 차이는?
  • Can you use "suggest" with "that" and "-ing"?"suggest"를 "that"과 "-ing"와 함께 사용할 수 있나요?
  • How do we report "Let's..." sentences?"Let's..." 문장을 어떻게 전달하나요?
  • Can you show a command using "to" form?"to" 형태를 사용한 명령문을 보여줄 수 있나요?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: "I forgot my homework," he said.
B: He said he had forgotten his homework.
A: That's okay.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: "Can we leave now?" she asked.
B: She asked if we could leave then.
A: Let's go.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: "Finish the report today," the manager said.
B: He told us to finish the report that day.
A: Got it.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: "Where is the file?" he asked.
B: He asked where the file was.
A: I'll send it.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: "I'm cooking dinner," Mom said.
B: She said she was cooking dinner.
A: Smells great!
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: "Don't worry," the nurse said.
B: She told me not to worry.
A: That helped.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
"I'm busy," he said.
→ He said (that) he was busy.
"We are ready," they said.
→ They said (that) they were ready.
"He has finished," she said.
→ She said (that) he had finished.
"Are you okay?" he asked.
→ He asked if I was okay.
"Where do you live?" she asked.
→ She asked where I lived.
"Close the door," she said.
→ She told me to close the door.
"Don't be late," he said.
→ He told me not to be late.
"Let's go," he said.
→ He suggested that we go.
"Why don't we wait?" she said.
→ She suggested waiting.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • He said (that) he had forgotten his homework.🏫 학교 — 숙제를 잊었다고 말했다.
  • She told us to finish the report that day.💼 직장 — 그날 보고서를 끝내라고 말했다.
  • Mom said she was cooking dinner.🏠 가족 — 엄마가 저녁을 요리하고 있다고 말했다.
  • He asked where the file was.💻 온라인 — 파일이 어디 있는지 물었다.
  • The nurse told me not to worry.🏥 병원 — 간호사가 걱정하지 말라고 말했다.
  • She asked if we could leave then.✈️ 여행 — 그때 출발할 수 있는지 물었다.
  • He suggested that we take a break.📋 회의 — 쉬자고 제안했다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
진술문 · STATEMENT
say/tell + (that) + 주어 + 과거동사
He said (that) he was busy.
의문문 · QUESTION
ask + if/whether/wh- + 주어 + 과거동사
She asked if I could help.
명령문 · COMMAND
tell/ask + 목적어 + to 동사
She told me to close the door.
제안문 · SUGGESTION
suggest + that + 주어 + 동사원형 / suggest + -ing
He suggested that we go. / She suggested waiting.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ He said he is busy.
✓ He said he was busy.
간접화법에서는 시제 전환 필수 (is → was)
✗ She asked where do I live.
✓ She asked where I lived.
간접 의문문은 평서문 어순 (do 제거)
✗ He told me close the door.
✓ He told me to close the door.
명령문 전환: tell + 목적어 + to 동사
✗ She said I am late.
✓ She said I was late.
시제 전환: am → was
✗ He asked can I help.
✓ He asked if I could help.
의문문 전환: if + 평서문 어순 + 시제 전환
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 시제 전환 핵심
간접화법의 핵심은 시제 전환입니다. 현재 → 과거, will → would, can → could
TIP 2 · 어순 변화
의문문은 어순이 바뀝니다. "Where do you live?" → asked where I lived (do 제거)
TIP 3 · 명령문은 to
명령문은 to 동사로 바뀝니다. 부정 명령문은 not to 동사!
TIP 4 · 시간/장소도 변환
시간/장소 표현도 함께 바뀝니다. now → then, today → that day, here → there
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

직접화법을 간접화법으로 바꾸세요.

  • "I'm busy," he said. → He said (that) he was busy.
  • "Where do you live?" she asked. → She asked where I lived.
  • "Close the door," she said. → She told me to close the door.
  • "Let's take a break," they said. → They suggested that we take a break.
  • "Don't be late," he said. → He told me not to be late.
  • "Can you help me?" he asked. → He asked if I could help him.
  • "We are ready," they said. → They said (that) they were ready.
  • "He has finished," she said. → She said (that) he had finished.
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 간접화법에서 시제 전환 규칙을 안다.
  • 인칭 변화 (I → he/she 등)를 정확히 할 수 있다.
  • 의문문을 간접화법으로 바꿀 수 있다 (어순 변화).
  • 명령문을 tell/ask + to 동사로 바꿀 수 있다.
  • 제안문을 suggest + that / suggest + -ing로 바꿀 수 있다.
  • 시간/장소 표현 변화 (now → then 등)를 안다.
  • 흔한 실수 5가지를 이해했다.