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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Advanced Linking Devices
문장과 문장을 연결하여 논리적 흐름을 만드는 고급 표현
Linking Devices → 글쓰기와 말하기에서 논리, 대조, 예시, 결과, 강조를 표현할 때 사용합니다.
문장 응집력 향상, 시험 응답 구조화, 발표/보고서에 필수적인 표현입니다.
- However, she kept working.대조 — 그러나 그녀는 계속 일했다.
- Therefore, he failed.결과 — 그러므로 그는 실패했다.
- Such as apples and bananas.예시 — 사과와 바나나 같은
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
순서/추가 · SEQUENCE
Also, Moreover, In addition
first, then, next
first, then, next
예시/설명 · EXAMPLE
For example, Such as
that is, namely
that is, namely
대조/양보 · CONTRAST
However, Although
even though, whereas
even though, whereas
결과/강조 · RESULT
Therefore, Thus
as a result, indeed
as a result, indeed
- 문장 앞/중간/끝 위치: However, she kept working. / She kept working, however.
- 쉼표 사용: 문장 앞에 올 경우 쉼표(comma)로 구분
- 강조/요약: indeed, in fact, above all, in short, to sum up
- 조건: if, unless
- 문맥에 따라 적절한 연결어 선택 필요
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
- First, we need to plan.순서 — 먼저 계획을 세워야 한다.
- Moreover, the design must be clear.추가 — 게다가 디자인이 명확해야 한다.
- For example, apples are healthy.예시 — 예를 들어 사과는 건강에 좋다.
- However, she didn't give up.대조 — 하지만 그녀는 포기하지 않았다.
- Although it was late, he kept working.양보 — 늦었지만 그는 계속 일했다.
- Therefore, she passed.결과 — 그러므로 그녀는 합격했다.
- As a result, we changed the plan.결과 — 결과적으로 우리는 계획을 바꿨다.
- Indeed, the results were surprising.강조 — 정말로 결과가 놀라웠다.
- To sum up, the project was a success.요약 — 요약하면 프로젝트는 성공이었다.
- Unless you try, you won't succeed.조건 — 시도하지 않으면 성공하지 못한다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
- Why do we use "however" instead of "but"?however가 but보다 격식적인 이유
- Can you explain "in addition" vs "also"?두 추가 표현의 차이점
- What's the difference between "although" and "even though"?양보 접속사의 차이
- Why is "therefore" used for results?결과 표현에 therefore를 쓰는 이유
- Can you show a contrast using "whereas"?whereas를 이용한 대조 예시
- How do we summarize with "to sum up"?to sum up으로 요약하는 방법
- How does "indeed" add emphasis?indeed가 강조를 더하는 방법
- Can you use "unless" in a condition?조건문에서 unless 사용법
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: I finished my homework.
B: Good. In addition, you should review grammar.
A: Okay.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: It started raining.
B: Therefore, we canceled the hike.
A: That makes sense.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: She submitted the report.
B: However, it was incomplete.
A: Let's fix it.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: I like digital art.
B: For example, anime posters?
A: Exactly.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: I want to go out.
B: Unless you finish your chores, you can't.
A: I'll do them now.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: She's recovering well.
B: In fact, she might go home tomorrow.
A: That's great!
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
She was tired. She kept working.
→ She was tired. However, she kept working.
He didn't study. He failed.
→ He didn't study. Therefore, he failed.
It rained. The game was canceled.
→ It rained. As a result, the game was canceled.
He likes tea. She prefers coffee.
→ He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee.
We need more time. We need more examples.
→ We need more time. In addition, we need more examples.
It was hard. They succeeded.
→ Even though it was hard, they succeeded.
We planned well. The project succeeded.
→ We planned well. Thus, the project succeeded.
We finished the work. The report was submitted.
→ To sum up, the report was submitted.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
- I studied hard. As a result, I passed the test.🏫 학교 — 열심히 공부해서 시험에 합격했다.
- She missed the deadline. However, the team helped her.💼 직장 — 마감을 놓쳤지만 팀이 도왔다.
- Even though we were tired, we cooked dinner.🏠 가족 — 피곤했지만 저녁을 요리했다.
- I like design tools, such as Canva and Figma.💻 온라인 — Canva, Figma 같은 디자인 도구를 좋아한다.
- He followed instructions. Therefore, he recovered quickly.🏥 병원 — 지시를 따라서 빨리 회복했다.
- It was raining. Nevertheless, we went hiking.✈️ 여행 — 비가 왔지만 등산을 갔다.
- We discussed the issue. In short, we need a new plan.📋 회의 — 요약하면 새 계획이 필요하다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
순서 · SEQUENCE
First, Then, Next
First, we plan. Then, we execute.
First, we plan. Then, we execute.
추가 · ADDITION
Also, Moreover, In addition
Also, remember to check grammar.
Also, remember to check grammar.
대조 · CONTRAST
However, Although, Even though, Whereas
However, she continued without help.
However, she continued without help.
결과/요약 · RESULT / SUMMARY
Therefore, Thus, As a result, In short, To sum up
Therefore, we changed the plan.
Therefore, we changed the plan.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ She was tired. But she kept working.
✓ She was tired. However, she kept working.
격식적인 글에서는 But 대신 However를 사용합니다.
✗ He didn't study. So he failed.
✓ He didn't study. Therefore, he failed.
격식적인 맥락에서는 So 대신 Therefore를 사용합니다.
✗ Apples are healthy. Bananas are healthy.
✓ Apples are healthy. Moreover, bananas are healthy.
추가 정보를 연결할 때 Moreover를 사용합니다.
✗ He likes tea. She likes coffee.
✓ He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee.
대조를 나타낼 때 whereas를 사용합니다.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 대조 표현 다양화
but → however / although / whereas로 다양화하여 글의 수준을 높이세요.
TIP 2 · 결과 표현 강화
so → therefore / thus / as a result로 강화하여 논리적 흐름을 보여주세요.
TIP 3 · 예시 표현 구체화
for example / such as / namely로 구체적인 예시를 제시하세요.
TIP 4 · 요약 표현 활용
in short / to sum up으로 글을 깔끔하게 마무리하세요.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES
빈칸에 알맞은 연결 표현을 선택하세요.
- She was tired. ___, she kept working. (However)
- It rained. ___, the game was canceled. (Therefore)
- He likes tea, ___ she prefers coffee. (whereas)
- ___ it was hard, they succeeded. (Even though)
- We need more time. ___, we need more examples. (In addition)
- She worked hard. ___, she passed. (As a result)
- ___, the results were surprising. (Indeed)
- ___, the project was a success. (To sum up)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
- Linking Devices의 종류와 역할을 이해했다.
- 대조, 결과, 예시 연결어를 정확히 사용할 수 있다.
- 단순 문장을 연결된 문장으로 변환할 수 있다.
- 흔한 실수(but→however 등)를 교정할 수 있다.
- 글쓰기와 말하기에서 자연스럽게 활용할 수 있다.
- although와 even though의 차이를 설명할 수 있다.
- 요약 표현(in short, to sum up)을 적절히 사용할 수 있다.
