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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Complex Sentence Structures
주절과 종속절로 구성된 복합문 — 이유, 조건, 시간, 양보, 목적 표현

Complex Sentence → 주절(main clause)과 종속절(subordinate clause)로 구성된 문장입니다.

종속절은 접속사로 시작하며, 주절에 이유, 조건, 시간, 양보, 목적 등의 정보를 추가합니다.

  • 단순문: I was tired. I kept working.두 개의 단순 문장
  • 복합문: Although I was tired, I kept working.양보 종속절로 연결된 복합문
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
시간 · TIME
when, while, before, after, since
When the bell rang...
이유 · REASON
because, since, as
Because I was sick...
조건 · CONDITION
if, unless, provided that
If you study...
양보/목적 · CONCESSION
although, so that
Although it was late...
  • 종속절이 문장 앞에 올 경우 쉼표(,) 사용: Although it was late, we kept working.
  • 종속절은 단독 문장으로 사용 불가: 주절과 함께 의미가 완성됨
  • 조건절에서 미래를 나타낼 때도 현재 시제 사용: If you study, you'll pass.
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • We started when the bell rang.시간 — 종이 울렸을 때 시작했다.
  • After she arrived, we began dinner.시간 — 그녀가 도착한 후 저녁을 시작했다.
  • While I was studying, he watched TV.시간 — 내가 공부하는 동안 그는 TV를 봤다.
  • I stayed home because I was sick.이유 — 아파서 집에 있었다.
  • Since it's raining, we'll stay inside.이유 — 비가 오니까 안에 있을 것이다.
  • If you study, you'll pass.조건 — 공부하면 합격할 것이다.
  • Unless it stops raining, we can't play.조건 — 비가 멈추지 않으면 놀 수 없다.
  • Although I was tired, I kept working.양보 — 피곤했지만 계속 일했다.
  • Even though it was hard, they succeeded.양보 — 어려웠지만 성공했다.
  • I explained it so that everyone could understand.목적 — 모두가 이해할 수 있도록 설명했다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Why do we say "Although I was tired" instead of "I was tired"?양보절이 문장을 개선하는 이유
  • Can you explain how "if" changes the meaning?if가 의미를 바꾸는 방법
  • What's the difference between "because" and "since"?because와 since의 차이
  • Can you use "so that" in a goal-related sentence?목표 관련 문장에서 so that 사용
  • Why is a comma used after the subordinate clause?종속절 뒤에 쉼표를 쓰는 이유
  • How does "while" connect two actions?while이 두 행동을 연결하는 방법
  • Can you use "unless" in a warning sentence?경고 문장에서 unless 사용
  • What happens if we remove the subordinate clause?종속절을 제거하면 어떻게 되는가
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL (이유)
A: I didn't study much.
B: Because you were tired?
A: Yes, I slept early.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL (시간/이유)
A: We missed the train.
B: Since we arrived late, it was gone.
A: Let's check the next one.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE (목적)
A: He finished early.
B: So that he could leave before traffic.
A: Smart move.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE (조건)
A: I'll update the file.
B: If you do, let me know.
A: Will do.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY (조건)
A: I'm going out.
B: Unless you clean your room, you're not going anywhere.
A: Okay, okay.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL (양보)
A: She's still resting.
B: Although she looks better, she needs more time.
A: I agree.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I was tired. I kept working.
→ Although I was tired, I kept working. (양보)
She arrived. We began dinner.
→ After she arrived, we began dinner. (시간)
You study. You'll pass.
→ If you study, you'll pass. (조건)
It's raining. We'll stay inside.
→ Since it's raining, we'll stay inside. (이유)
You finish. You may leave early.
→ Provided that you finish, you may leave early. (조건)
He worked hard. He earned money.
→ He worked hard so that he could earn money. (목적)
He's young. He's wise.
→ Though he's young, he's wise. (양보)
I moved here. I've made friends.
→ Since I moved here, I've made new friends. (시간)
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • If you study, you'll pass the exam.🏫 학교 — 공부하면 시험에 합격할 것이다.
  • Although the deadline was tight, we finished on time.💼 직장 — 마감이 촉박했지만 제시간에 끝냈다.
  • Before you go out, clean your room.🏠 가족 — 나가기 전에 방을 청소해라.
  • Since the server is down, we can't upload files.💻 온라인 — 서버가 다운되어 파일을 업로드할 수 없다.
  • Because she was tired, she needed rest.🏥 병원 — 피곤해서 쉬어야 했다.
  • Unless you bring your ID, you can't board the train.✈️ 여행 — 신분증을 가져오지 않으면 기차에 탈 수 없다.
  • So that everyone understands, let's explain it again.📋 회의 — 모두가 이해할 수 있도록 다시 설명하자.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
양보 · CONCESSION
Although / Even though / Though + 주어 + 동사
Although I was tired, I kept working.
이유 · REASON
Because / Since / As + 주어 + 동사
Because I was sick, I stayed home.
조건 · CONDITION
If / Unless / Provided that + 주어 + 동사
If you study, you'll pass.
목적 · PURPOSE
So that / In order that + 주어 + 조동사 + 동사원형
I explained it so that everyone could understand.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ Although he is tired. He kept working.
✓ Although he is tired, he kept working.
종속절은 단독 문장으로 쓸 수 없으며, 쉼표로 주절과 연결해야 합니다.
✗ Because I was sick. I stayed home.
✓ Because I was sick, I stayed home.
종속절은 단독 문장이 될 수 없습니다.
✗ If you will study, you will pass.
✓ If you study, you will pass.
조건절에서는 미래 시제 대신 현재 시제를 사용합니다.
✗ She practiced. So that she might improve.
✓ She practiced so that she might improve.
종속절(so that)은 주절에 연결되어야 합니다.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 접속사 선택
접속사 선택에 따라 의미와 분위기가 달라집니다. because vs since, although vs even though 등을 구분하세요.
TIP 2 · 쉼표 규칙
종속절이 문장 앞에 오면 쉼표를 사용하고, 뒤에 오면 사용하지 않습니다.
TIP 3 · 조건절 시제
조건절(if/unless)에서는 미래를 나타낼 때도 현재 시제를 사용합니다.
TIP 4 · 양보절 활용
양보절(although, even though)은 대조나 예외를 강조할 때 유용합니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 접속사를 선택하세요.

  • ___ he is tired, he kept working. (Although)
  • ___ you study, you will pass. (If)
  • She finished the report early ___ she could leave before traffic. (so that)
  • ___ it's raining, we'll stay inside. (Since)
  • ___ you clean your room, you can't go out. (Unless)
  • ___ she arrived, we began dinner. (After)
  • He is young. He is wise. → ___ he is young, he is wise. (Though)
  • I was studying ___ he watched TV. (while)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 복합문(주절 + 종속절)의 구조를 이해했다.
  • 시간, 이유, 조건, 양보절을 정확히 사용할 수 있다.
  • 단순 문장을 복합문으로 변환할 수 있다.
  • 쉼표와 시제에 관한 흔한 실수를 교정할 수 있다.
  • 복합문을 활용하여 글쓰기와 말하기 유창성을 향상시킬 수 있다.
  • 목적절(so that, in order that)을 사용할 수 있다.
  • 조건절에서 현재 시제로 미래를 표현하는 규칙을 알고 있다.