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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Past Continuous Tense
과거 진행형 — 과거에 진행 중이던 행동

과거 진행형: 과거의 특정 시점에 진행 중이었던 동작을 나타냅니다.

형태: was/were + 동사원형-ing

용도: 1) 과거의 한 시점에 진행 중이던 일. 2) 한 동작이 진행 중일 때 다른 동작이 끼어든 상황. 3) 과거의 두 동작이 동시에 진행된 상황.

  • I was reading a book at 8 PM.나는 8시에 책을 읽고 있었다.
  • She was cooking dinner when I arrived.내가 도착했을 때 그녀는 저녁을 요리하고 있었다.
  • They were playing soccer all afternoon.그들은 오후 내내 축구를 하고 있었다.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
WAS + V-ING
I/He/She/It was reading.
WERE + V-ING
You/We/They were playing.
NEGATIVE
I wasn't sleeping.
QUESTION
Were you waiting?
  • 기본 구조: 주어 + was/were + V-ing
  • Was 사용: 주어가 I, He, She, It (단수)일 때 (예: He was studying.)
  • Were 사용: 주어가 You, We, They (복수)일 때 (예: We were watching.)
  • 부정문: was/were + not + V-ing (축약: wasn't, weren't)
  • When / While: When은 단순 과거 시점과 연결, While은 동시에 진행된 동작과 연결
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • I was reading a book at 8 PM.나는 8시에 책을 읽고 있었다.
  • She was cooking dinner when I arrived.내가 도착했을 때 그녀는 저녁을 요리하고 있었다.
  • They were playing soccer all afternoon.그들은 오후 내내 축구를 하고 있었다.
  • We were studying English last night.우리는 어젯밤에 영어를 공부하고 있었다.
  • He was watching TV when you called.네가 전화했을 때 그는 TV를 보고 있었다.
  • You were singing beautifully.너는 아름답게 노래하고 있었다.
  • It was raining heavily that morning.그 아침에 비가 심하게 내리고 있었다.
  • The students were writing in their notebooks.학생들은 노트에 쓰고 있었다.
  • My parents were talking while I was listening.내가 듣고 있는 동안 부모님은 이야기하고 계셨다.
  • The dog was sleeping on the sofa.개가 소파에서 자고 있었다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Was I reading a book?내가 책을 읽고 있었니?
  • Was she cooking dinner?그녀가 저녁을 요리하고 있었니? (Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.)
  • Were they playing soccer?그들은 축구를 하고 있었니? (Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.)
  • Were you studying English?너 영어 공부하고 있었니?
  • Was he watching TV?그는 TV를 보고 있었니?
  • Was it raining?비가 오고 있었니?
  • Were the students writing?학생들이 쓰고 있었니?
  • Were your parents talking?부모님이 이야기하고 계셨니?
  • Was the dog sleeping?개가 자고 있었니?
  • Were we going too fast?우리가 너무 빨리 가고 있었니?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🕐 과거 시점 묘사 · PAST MOMENT
A: What were you doing at 7 PM?
B: I was eating dinner.
A: Me too!
📱 끼어든 동작 · INTERRUPTION
A: What were you doing when the phone rang?
B: I was taking a shower.
A: Oh, I see.
🔄 동시에 진행 · SIMULTANEOUS
A: Was he working while she was sleeping?
B: Yes, he was. They were both busy.
A: That's rough.
🚫 부정문 활용 · NEGATIVE
A: Were you listening to music?
B: No, I wasn't. I was studying quietly.
A: My bad.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Were they driving when the storm started?
B: Yes, they were. They were driving home.
A: They must be scared.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I read a book. (It was 8 PM.)
→ I was reading a book at 8 PM.
They played soccer. (It was afternoon.)
→ They were playing soccer all afternoon.
She cooked dinner. (I arrived.)
→ She was cooking dinner when I arrived.
We studied English. (It was last night.)
→ We were studying English last night.
He watched TV. (You called.)
→ He was watching TV when you called.
You listened to music. (I saw you.)
→ You were listening to music when I saw you.
The baby cried. (All morning.)
→ The baby was crying all morning.
I worked. (While you slept.)
→ I was working while you were sleeping.
She talked on the phone. (I came in.)
→ She was talking on the phone when I came in.
The students wrote. (In their notebooks.)
→ The students were writing in their notebooks.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I was driving home when I saw the accident.🚗 사건 설명 — 집으로 운전하고 있는데 사고를 봤어요.
  • At 10 PM last night, we were watching a movie.🎬 특정 시점 — 어젯밤 10시에 우리는 영화를 보고 있었어요.
  • The sun was shining and the birds were singing when we arrived.🌅 배경 묘사 — 우리가 도착했을 때 해가 빛나고 새들이 노래하고 있었어요.
  • While I was cleaning, my brother was studying.🏠 동시 동작 — 내가 청소하는 동안, 동생은 공부하고 있었어요.
  • He was always complaining about the food.😤 계속된 불만 — 그는 항상 음식에 대해 불평했었지.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
과거 특정 시점 · PAST MOMENT
Was/Were + V-ing + Time
I was working at 3 o'clock.
끼어든 동작 · WHEN + SIMPLE PAST
V-ing + when + Simple Past
We were sleeping when the fire alarm rang.
동시 진행 · WHILE
While + V-ing, + V-ing
While I was cooking, he was reading.
시간 표현 · TIME PHRASES
yesterday, last week, all day, at that moment 등 과거 시점을 나타내는 표현과 함께 자주 사용
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ I was read a book.
✓ I was reading a book.
과거 진행형은 was/were + V-ing 형태 사용
✗ They were play soccer.
✓ They were playing soccer.
V-ing 형태를 반드시 사용해야 함
✗ Was you watching TV?
✓ Were you watching TV?
주어 you에는 were 사용
✗ She wasn't cook dinner.
✓ She wasn't cooking dinner.
부정문에서도 V-ing 형태 사용
✗ He was study when I arrived.
✓ He was studying when I arrived.
V-ing 형태를 반드시 사용해야 함
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · Simple Past와 비교
I read a book (책을 읽었다 — 완료된 동작) vs. I was reading a book (책을 읽고 있었다 — 진행 중인 동작)의 뉘앙스 차이를 이해하고 활용하세요.
TIP 2 · 감정/인지 동사 제외
like, know, want, believe와 같은 상태나 인지 동사는 진행형으로 잘 쓰이지 않습니다. (I was knowing → I knew)
TIP 3 · When vs. While
When은 보통 단순 과거와 함께 쓰여 진행 중인 동작을 방해합니다. While은 보통 진행형과 함께 쓰여 동시 동작을 나타냅니다.
TIP 4 · 스토리텔링 활용
과거의 경험을 이야기할 때 배경 상황(was/were + -ing)을 먼저 설명하고, 중요한 사건(Simple Past)을 사용하여 이야기를 더 풍부하게 만드세요.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

올바른 과거 진행형 문장을 선택하거나 만들어 보세요.

  • I was read / was reading a book. (was reading)
  • They ___ soccer yesterday afternoon. (were playing)
  • She ___ dinner when I arrived. (was cooking)
  • I was read a book. → I was reading a book. (V-ing 형태 사용)
  • They were play soccer. → They were playing soccer. (V-ing 형태 사용)
  • 나는 8시에 책을 읽고 있었어. → I was reading a book at 8 PM.
  • 그녀는 내가 도착했을 때 저녁을 만들고 있었어. → She was cooking dinner when I arrived.
  • 너는 그때 TV를 보고 있었니? → (Were you watching TV then?)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 과거 진행형의 기본 구조(was/were + V-ing)를 안다.
  • was/were를 주어에 맞게 쓸 수 있다.
  • when/while과 함께 사용할 수 있다.
  • 부정문(wasn't/weren't + V-ing)을 만들 수 있다.
  • 과거 단순과 과거 진행을 구분할 수 있다.
  • 일상 대화에서 과거 진행형을 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 5가지를 이해했다.