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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Present Perfect Simple
현재완료 — have/has + 과거분사

현재완료 시제(Present Perfect Simple)는 과거의 행동이나 경험이 현재와 연결될 때 사용합니다. 단순 과거와 달리, 시간보다 결과나 경험에 초점을 둡니다.

공식: have/has + 과거분사(past participle)

예: I have eaten lunch. (나는 점심을 먹었어 → 지금 배가 안 고픔)

  • 경험: I have been to Paris.파리에 가본 경험이 있어요
  • 결과: She has broken her leg.다리를 다쳐서 지금도 아파요
  • 변화: We have grown a lot.우리가 많이 자랐어요
  • 완료: They have finished the project.프로젝트를 완료했어요
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
AFFIRMATIVE
I/You/We/They have + p.p.
He/She/It has + p.p.
CONTRACTION
I've seen it.
She's gone home.
NEGATIVE
I haven't + p.p.
He hasn't + p.p.
QUESTION
Have you + p.p.?
Has she + p.p.?
  • 긍정문: I have visited London. / She has read that book.
  • 부정문: I haven't visited London. / She hasn't read that book.
  • 의문문: Have you visited London? / Has she read that book?
  • 축약형: I've / She's / We've / They've + 과거분사
  • 시간 표현: yet, already, ever, never, just, for, since와 함께 사용
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • I have traveled to Japan.나는 일본에 여행간 적이 있어요 (경험)
  • She has tried sushi.그녀는 스시를 먹어본 적이 있어요 (경험)
  • We have met before.우리는 전에 만난 적이 있어요 (경험)
  • He has lost his keys.그가 열쇠를 잃어버렸어요 - 지금도 없음 (결과)
  • They have broken the window.그들이 창문을 깼어요 - 지금도 깨져있음 (결과)
  • You have grown taller.키가 더 커졌네요 (변화)
  • My English has improved.제 영어가 늘었어요 (변화)
  • We have finished our homework.우리는 숙제를 끝냈어요 (완료)
  • I have cleaned the kitchen.부엌을 청소했어요 (완료)
  • He has written the report.보고서를 작성했어요 (완료)
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Have you visited London?런던을 방문한 적이 있나요?
  • Has she read that book?그녀가 그 책을 읽었나요?
  • Have they arrived?그들이 도착했나요?
  • Have you eaten lunch?점심 드셨어요?
  • Has he called you?그가 전화했나요?
  • Have we met before?전에 만난 적이 있나요?
  • Have you tried this cake?이 케이크 드셔봤어요?
  • Has your dog eaten?당신 강아지가 밥을 먹었나요?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
✈️ 여행 경험 · TRAVEL
A: Have you ever been to New York?
B: Yes, I have. I went last year.
🏫 학교 · SCHOOL
A: Has she finished her homework?
B: No, she hasn't. She's still working on it.
💼 직장 · OFFICE
A: Have they arrived yet?
B: Yes, they have. They're in the lobby.
🍽️ 식사 · MEAL
A: Have you eaten lunch?
B: Not yet. I'm about to.
📞 연락 · CONTACT
A: Has he called you?
B: No, he hasn't. I'm waiting.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
학교: Have you submitted your assignment?
→ Yes, I have. I sent it this morning.
여행: Have you ever traveled alone?
→ Yes, I have. I went to Thailand last summer.
직장: Have you completed the presentation?
→ Yes, I have. It's ready to share.
온라인: Have you uploaded the video?
→ Yes, I have. It's live now.
가족: Have you cleaned your room?
→ Yes, I have. It's finally tidy.
병원: Have you taken your medicine?
→ Yes, I have. I feel better now.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I haven't been to Canada.캐나다에 가본 적이 없어요 (경험 없음)
  • She hasn't tried kimchi.그녀는 김치를 먹어본 적이 없어요
  • We haven't finished yet.우리는 아직 끝내지 못했어요 (완료되지 않음)
  • He hasn't arrived.그가 아직 도착하지 않았어요
  • You haven't changed much.별로 변하지 않았네요 (변화 없음)
  • My skills haven't improved.제 실력이 늘지 않았어요
  • They haven't broken anything.그들은 아무것도 깨뜨리지 않았어요 (결과 없음)
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
경험 · EXPERIENCE
Have/Has + ever/never + 과거분사
Have you ever been to Paris?
완료 · COMPLETION
Have/Has + already/yet + 과거분사
I have already finished. / Haven't finished yet.
기간 · DURATION
Have/Has + p.p. + for + 기간 / since + 시점
I have lived here for 5 years. / since 2020.
방금 · JUST
Have/Has + just + 과거분사
She has just arrived.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
I have went to school.
I have gone to school.
과거분사는 gone (went는 과거형)
She has eat lunch.
She has eaten lunch.
과거분사는 eaten (eat는 원형)
Have you saw it?
Have you seen it?
과거분사는 seen (saw는 과거형)
He haven't finished.
He hasn't finished.
3인칭 단수는 hasn't 사용
I have been yesterday.
I went yesterday.
특정 과거 시간(yesterday)과 현재완료를 함께 쓰지 않음
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 축약형 연습
회화에서 I've, She's, We've 등 축약형이 자연스럽습니다. I've seen it. [aɪv ˈsiːn ɪt]
TIP 2 · 과거분사 암기
불규칙 과거분사를 정확히 외우세요: go-went-gone, see-saw-seen, eat-ate-eaten
TIP 3 · 과거 시제와 구분
특정 시간(yesterday, last week)이 있으면 과거시제, 없으면 현재완료를 사용하세요.
TIP 4 · for vs since
for + 기간(for 5 years), since + 시점(since 2020)을 구분해서 사용하세요.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 과거분사를 넣으세요.

  • I have ___ to school. (gone)
  • She has ___ lunch. (eaten)
  • Have you ___ it? (seen)
  • He hasn't ___ yet. (finished)
  • We have ___ the room. (cleaned)
  • They have ___ it. (done)
  • She has ___ a letter. (written)
  • I have ___ a car. (bought)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 현재완료 구조(have/has + p.p.)를 안다.
  • 경험/완료/계속을 표현할 수 있다.
  • ever/never/already/yet을 쓸 수 있다.
  • 과거 단순과 구분할 수 있다.
  • 실생활에서 사용할 수 있다.