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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Must, Have To, Need To
의무 조동사 — 해야 한다

Must → 강한 의무 (규칙, 법, 개인적 판단). 예: You must wear a seatbelt.

Have to → 외부 의무 (일반적 의무, 외부 요구). 예: I have to finish homework.

Need to → 필요성 (실용적 이유, 개인적 필요). 예: We need to buy groceries.

  • You must wear a seatbelt.법적 규칙 - 반드시 해야 함
  • I have to finish my homework.학교 과제 - 외부에서 요구
  • We need to buy groceries.생활 필요 - 실용적 이유
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
MUST
S + must + V
You must study.
HAVE TO
S + have/has to + V
She has to work.
NEGATIVE
must not = prohibition
don't have to = no obligation
NEED TO
S + need/needs to + V
I need to go.
  • 긍정문: I must go. / You have to study. / She needs to sleep early.
  • 부정문: You must not smoke. / I don't have to go. / She doesn't need to come.
  • 의문문: Must I finish? / Do you have to leave? / Does she need to study?
  • must not = 금지 vs don't have to = 의무 없음 (큰 차이!)
  • 과거형: Must는 과거형이 없어서 had to / needed to 사용
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • Students must attend all classes.학생들은 모든 수업에 참석해야 합니다 (Must - 강한 의무)
  • You must show your ID.신분증을 보여줘야 합니다
  • Drivers must stop at red lights.운전자는 빨간불에 멈춰야 합니다
  • I have to submit the report by Friday.금요일까지 보고서를 제출해야 해요 (Have to - 외부 의무)
  • She has to take medicine twice a day.하루에 두 번 약을 먹어야 해요
  • They have to pass the exam.시험에 통과해야 해요
  • I need to buy new shoes.새 신발을 사야 해요 (Need to - 필요성)
  • You need to get some rest.휴식을 취해야 해요
  • We need to save money.돈을 절약해야 해요
  • She needs to practice more.더 연습해야 해요
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • You must not park here.여기 주차하면 안 됩니다 (Mustn't - 금지)
  • Students mustn't cheat on exams.학생들은 시험에서 부정행위하면 안 됩니다
  • Children mustn't play with fire.아이들은 불장난하면 안 됩니다
  • You don't have to come early.일찍 올 필요 없어요 (Don't have to - 의무 없음)
  • I don't have to work tomorrow.내일 일할 필요 없어요
  • She doesn't have to cook dinner.저녁을 요리할 필요 없어요
  • You don't need to worry.걱정할 필요 없어요 (Don't need to - 필요 없음)
  • They don't need to wait.기다릴 필요 없어요
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
👔 격식 행사 · FORMAL EVENT
A: Must I wear a tie?
B: Yes, you must. It's formal.
💼 직장 · OFFICE
A: Do you have to work late?
B: Yes, I have to finish this project.
🎒 학교 · SCHOOL
A: Does she need to bring anything?
B: No, she doesn't need to.
🎭 공연 · SHOW
A: Must we arrive on time?
B: Yes, you must. The show starts at 8.
📝 시험 · EXAM
A: Do they have to take the test?
B: No, they don't have to. It's optional.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
학교: Do I have to submit the essay today?
→ Yes, you must. The deadline is today.
직장: Do I have to work overtime?
→ No, you don't have to stay late.
여행: Must I show my passport?
→ Yes, you must at immigration.
병원: Must I fast before the test?
→ Yes, you mustn't eat for 12 hours.
가족: Must I clean my room?
→ Yes, you must before going out.
쇼핑: Must I pay in cash?
→ No, you don't have to. Cards are fine.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I must go now.지금 가야 해요
  • You have to study tonight.오늘 밤 공부해야 해요
  • She needs to sleep early.일찍 자야 해요
  • We must be quiet.조용히 해야 해요
  • They have to work tomorrow.내일 일해야 해요
  • He needs to call his mom.엄마에게 전화해야 해요
  • I have to leave at 5.5시에 떠나야 해요
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
강한 의무 · STRONG OBLIGATION
S + must + V (동사원형)
You must wear a helmet.
외부 의무 · EXTERNAL OBLIGATION
S + have/has to + V
I have to finish the report.
필요성 · NECESSITY
S + need/needs to + V
We need to buy groceries.
금지 vs 의무 없음 · PROHIBITION vs NO OBLIGATION
must not = 금지 (절대 하면 안 됨) / don't have to = 의무 없음 (안 해도 됨)
You must not smoke. vs You don't have to come.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
I must to go.
I must go.
must 뒤에 to 없이 동사원형 사용
Do you must come?
Must you come?
must는 조동사이므로 do/does 불필요
She don't have to work.
She doesn't have to work.
3인칭 단수는 doesn't 사용
You don't must smoke.
You must not smoke.
must의 부정은 must not (mustn't)
I need study.
I need to study.
need to + 동사원형 (to 필수)
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 발음 연습
Must [mʌst] 짧고 강하게, Have to [ˈhæf tuː] 빠르게 연결, Need to [ˈniːd tuː] "need ta"처럼 발음됩니다.
TIP 2 · 강도 순서
Must (가장 강함) > Have to (외부 의무) > Need to (개인적 필요) 순서로 의무의 강도가 다릅니다.
TIP 3 · 격식 vs 일상
격식적 상황에서는 Must, 일상적 상황에서는 Have to/Need to를 더 많이 씁니다.
TIP 4 · 과거형 주의
Must는 과거형이 없어서 과거에는 had to를 사용합니다: I had to work yesterday.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 must, have to, need to 중 알맞은 것을 넣으세요.

  • You _____ wear a helmet. (must) - 강한 의무
  • I _____ finish this report. (have to) - 외부 요구
  • We _____ buy milk. (need to) - 필요
  • You _____ not smoke here. (must) - 금지
  • She _____ have to work tomorrow. (doesn't) - 의무 없음
  • 너는 일찍 와야 해. (You have to come early.)
  • 나는 의사에게 가야 해. (I need to go to the doctor.)
  • 여기서 뛰면 안 돼. (You must not run here.)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • must/have to/need to의 차이를 안다.
  • 의무 표현을 만들 수 있다.
  • 부정형을 올바르게 쓸 수 있다.
  • 상황에 맞게 골라 쓸 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수를 피할 수 있다.