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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Reflexive Pronouns
주어가 자기 자신에게 동작을 할 때 사용하는 대명사

재귀 동작 → I cut myself. (자기 자신에게 하는 행동)

강조 → I myself did it. (주어를 강조할 때)

혼자서 → I did it by myself. (도움 없이 혼자서)

  • I → myself / You → yourself / He → himselfShe → herself / It → itself
  • We → ourselves / You (pl.) → yourselves / They → themselves주어에 따라 재귀대명사가 달라집니다
  • I cut myself while cooking.요리하다가 베었어요
  • She taught herself French.혼자서 프랑스어를 배웠어요
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
재귀 동작 · REFLEXIVE
주어 + 동사 + 재귀대명사
I hurt myself.
강조 · EMPHASIS
주어 + 재귀대명사 + 동사
I myself don't agree.
혼자서 · BY ONESELF
by + 재귀대명사
He did it by himself.
전치사 뒤 · AFTER PREPOSITION
전치사 + 재귀대명사
I bought it for myself.
  • 주어와 재귀대명사는 반드시 일치해야 함
  • 타동사와 함께 자주 사용: hurt, teach, introduce, cut, enjoy
  • 재귀동작이 아닌 경우 사용하지 않음: He saw him. (다른 사람)
  • Itself는 사물이나 동물에 사용: The door opened by itself.
  • 복수 주어에는 복수 재귀대명사: They taught themselves.
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • I introduced myself to the group.그룹에 자기소개를 했어요
  • I taught myself how to code.혼자서 코딩을 배웠어요
  • I hurt myself while cooking.요리하다가 다쳤어요
  • You should take care of yourself.자신을 돌보세요
  • He cut himself shaving.면도하다가 베었어요
  • She taught herself piano.혼자서 피아노를 배웠어요
  • The cat cleaned itself.고양이가 스스로 그루밍했어요
  • We prepared ourselves for the test.시험을 준비했어요
  • They introduced themselves politely.정중하게 자기소개를 했어요
  • I made this cake myself.이 케이크를 직접 만들었어요
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Did you hurt yourself?다쳤어요? — Yes, but it's just a small cut.
  • Did she teach herself French?혼자서 프랑스어를 배웠나요? — Yes, using online courses.
  • Did he introduce himself?자기소개를 했나요? — Yes, very politely.
  • Did they enjoy themselves at the party?파티에서 즐겁게 보냈나요? — Yes, they had a great time.
  • Did you clean the room yourself?방을 혼자서 청소했어요? — Yes, it took two hours.
  • Did you do this project yourself?이 프로젝트를 혼자서 했어요? — Mostly, with some help.
  • Did she make this dress herself?이 드레스를 직접 만들었나요? — Yes, she's very talented.
  • Did they fix the problem themselves?문제를 스스로 해결했나요? — Yes, without any help.
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Did you write the essay yourself?
B: Yes, I did it all by myself.
A: You taught yourself well.
B: Thanks. I'm proud of myself.
🍳 요리 상황 · COOKING
A: Did you make this meal yourself?
B: Yes, I taught myself using YouTube.
A: Be careful, you might cut yourself.
B: I always take care of myself in the kitchen.
💼 직장 상황 · WORK
A: He fixed the printer himself.
B: Yes, he taught himself how to do it.
A: Did he hurt himself?
B: No, he was very careful.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Did you book the tickets yourself?
B: Yes, I wanted to challenge myself.
A: Are you traveling by yourself?
B: No, my friends will join later.
💻 기술 학습 · TECH
A: Did you design this website yourself?
B: Yes, I taught myself coding.
A: Are you proud of yourself?
B: Very much!
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I made this cake. + I did it alone.
→ I made this cake myself.
He fixed the bike. + No one helped him.
→ He fixed the bike himself.
She taught French. + She learned alone.
→ She taught herself French.
The cat washed. + No one helped.
→ The cat washed itself.
We prepared for the test. + No tutor helped.
→ We prepared ourselves for the test.
They introduced. + No one spoke for them.
→ They introduced themselves.
I hurt my hand. + I did it while cooking.
→ I hurt myself while cooking.
He cut his finger. + He was shaving.
→ He cut himself while shaving.
We organized the event. + Without help.
→ We organized the event ourselves.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I taught myself web design and built this portfolio website myself.📋 자기소개서 — 혼자서 웹 디자인을 배워 포트폴리오를 직접 만들었어요.
  • He fixed the technical issue himself and taught himself the new software.💼 업무 보고 — 기술 문제를 직접 해결하고 새 소프트웨어도 혼자 배웠어요.
  • We planned the whole trip ourselves and really enjoyed ourselves.✈️ 여행 후기 — 여행을 직접 계획하고 정말 즐거웠어요.
  • The patient injured himself while exercising and treated himself with first aid.🏥 건강 상담 — 운동 중 다쳐서 응급처치를 직접 했어요.
  • I taught myself three languages and prepared myself for the exams alone.📚 학습 경험 — 혼자서 3개 언어를 배우고 시험도 직접 준비했어요.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
주어 + 동사 + 재귀대명사
I hurt myself. / She taught herself French.
BY + 재귀대명사 (혼자서)
He did it by himself.
도움 없이 혼자서 했다는 의미
ENJOY + 재귀대명사
They enjoyed themselves.
즐겁게 시간을 보냈다
전치사 + 재귀대명사
I'm proud of myself. / I did it for myself.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ I hurt me.
✓ I hurt myself.
주어와 목적어가 같을 때 재귀대명사 사용
✗ She taught her.
✓ She taught herself.
자기 자신을 가르쳤으므로 herself
✗ They introduced them.
✓ They introduced themselves.
복수 주어에는 themselves
✗ He made dinner by him.
✓ He made dinner by himself.
"by + 재귀대명사" 형태로 사용
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 주어 일치
재귀대명사는 주어와 반드시 일치해야 합니다. I → myself, He → himself
TIP 2 · by myself = 혼자서
"by myself"는 도움 없이 혼자서라는 의미로 강조됩니다.
TIP 3 · 감정/행동/강조
재귀대명사는 감정, 행동, 강조 표현에 자주 사용됩니다. I'm proud of myself!
TIP 4 · enjoy/introduce/prepare
"enjoy yourself" (즐기다), "introduce yourself" (자기소개하다), "prepare yourself" (준비하다)는 자주 쓰이는 표현입니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 재귀대명사를 넣으세요.

  • I hurt ___ while cooking. (myself)
  • She taught ___ French. (herself)
  • He cut ___ shaving. (himself)
  • The cat cleaned ___. (itself)
  • We prepared ___ for the test. (ourselves)
  • They introduced ___ politely. (themselves)
  • You should take care of ___. (yourself)
  • I did it by ___. (myself)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 재귀대명사 8개를 모두 알고 있다.
  • 주어와 목적어가 같을 때 재귀대명사를 쓸 수 있다.
  • by myself (혼자서) 표현을 사용할 수 있다.
  • 강조 용법으로 재귀대명사를 쓸 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수를 피할 수 있다.