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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Relative Clauses
관계절 — 두 문장을 하나로 결합하는 핵심 구조

관계절은 사람, 사물, 장소, 시간에 대해 추가 정보를 주는 문장입니다.

관계대명사(who, which, that, whose, where, when)로 두 문장을 하나로 결합합니다.

  • The man who called you is my uncle.너에게 전화한 남자는 내 삼촌이다.
  • My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting.파리에 사는 내 여동생이 방문 중이다.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
DEFINING · 제한 관계절
필수 정보 / 쉼표 없음
that 사용 가능
The man who called you is my uncle.
NON-DEFINING · 비제한 관계절
추가 정보 / 쉼표로 구분
that 사용 불가
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting.
관계대명사 종류
who (사람) / which (사물)
that (사람/사물, Defining만)
whose (소유)
관계부사
where (장소)
when (시간)
The cafe where we met
  • Defining: 쉼표 없음, that 사용 가능, 목적어일 때 생략 가능
  • Non-Defining: 쉼표로 구분, that 사용 불가, 생략 불가
  • 관계절은 주어 + 동사 구조를 포함함
  • 쉼표 하나로 의미가 완전히 달라질 수 있음
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • The man who called you is my uncle.너에게 전화한 남자는 내 삼촌이다. (Defining)
  • The book that I borrowed is interesting.내가 빌린 책은 재미있다. (Defining)
  • The student whose phone rang was embarrassed.전화가 울린 학생은 당황했다. (Defining)
  • The cafe where we met is closed now.우리가 만난 카페는 지금 문 닫았다. (Defining)
  • The day when we arrived was rainy.우리가 도착한 날은 비가 왔다. (Defining)
  • My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting.파리에 사는 내 여동생이 방문 중이다. (Non-Defining)
  • This book, which I bought yesterday, is amazing.어제 산 이 책은 놀라운 책이다. (Non-Defining)
  • Mr. Kim, whose son is in my class, is a doctor.아들이 내 반인 김씨는 의사이다. (Non-Defining)
  • Seoul, where I was born, is a beautiful city.내가 태어난 서울은 아름다운 도시이다. (Non-Defining)
  • The computer which broke yesterday is fixed now.어제 고장 난 컴퓨터가 수리되었다. (Defining)
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Who is the person who called you?너에게 전화한 사람이 누구야?
  • What's the book that you read?네가 읽은 책이 뭐야?
  • Where is the cafe where you met her?그녀를 만난 카페가 어디야?
  • When was the day when you arrived?네가 도착한 날이 언제야?
  • Whose phone rang during class?수업 중에 누구 전화가 울렸어?
  • Do you know the teacher who helped you?너를 도와준 선생님을 알아?
  • Have you seen the movie that won the award?상을 받은 영화를 봤어?
  • Where is the place where you lost it?그걸 잃어버린 장소가 어디야?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Who is the student whose phone rang?
B: It was Tom, who sits next to me.
A: Oh, the boy who wears glasses?
B: Yes, that's him.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: The cafe where we met is closed now.
B: Really? That place, which had great coffee, was my favorite.
A: Mine too.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: The report that you sent was excellent.
B: Thanks. Mr. Lee, who reviewed it, gave good feedback.
A: He's the manager who joined last month, right?
B: Yes.
💻 온라인 상황 · ONLINE
A: The website that crashed is working again.
B: Good. The developer, who fixed it, is very skilled.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: My cousin, who lives in Canada, is visiting.
B: Is she the one who speaks French?
A: Yes, and she's bringing gifts.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
The man called you. He is my uncle.
→ The man who called you is my uncle.
The book is interesting. I borrowed it.
→ The book that I borrowed is interesting.
The student was embarrassed. His phone rang.
→ The student whose phone rang was embarrassed.
The cafe is closed. We met there.
→ The cafe where we met is closed.
The day was rainy. We arrived then.
→ The day when we arrived was rainy.
My sister lives in Paris. She is visiting. (추가 정보)
→ My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting.
This book is amazing. I bought it yesterday. (추가 정보)
→ This book, which I bought yesterday, is amazing.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • The teacher who helped me is kind.🏫 학교 — 나를 도와준 선생님은 친절하다.
  • The movie that we watched was exciting.🎬 일상 — 우리가 본 영화는 흥미로웠다.
  • My mother, who called this morning, is worried.🏠 가족 — 오늘 아침 전화한 엄마가 걱정하고 있다.
  • The museum, where we took photos, was beautiful.✈️ 여행 — 사진을 찍은 박물관은 아름다웠다.
  • The nurse who helped me was very kind.🏥 병원 — 나를 도와준 간호사는 매우 친절했다.
  • The laptop, which broke last week, is fixed now.💻 온라인 — 지난주에 고장 난 노트북이 고쳐졌다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
WHO · 사람
명사 + who + 동사
The teacher who helped me is kind.
WHICH / THAT · 사물
명사 + which/that + 주어 + 동사
The book that I read was amazing.
WHOSE · 소유
명사 + whose + 명사 + 동사
The student whose phone rang was embarrassed.
WHERE / WHEN · 장소/시간
명사 + where/when + 주어 + 동사
The cafe where we met / The day when we arrived
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ My sister, that lives in Paris, is visiting.
✓ My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting.
Non-Defining 관계절에서는 that을 사용할 수 없습니다.
✗ The man who he called you is my uncle.
✓ The man who called you is my uncle.
관계대명사가 주어 역할을 하면 대명사(he)를 중복 사용하지 않습니다.
✗ The cafe which we met is closed.
✓ The cafe where we met is closed.
장소를 나타낼 때는 where를 사용합니다.
✗ The book who I read was great.
✓ The book which/that I read was great.
사물에는 who가 아닌 which 또는 that을 사용합니다.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 쉼표 유무 확인
쉼표가 있으면 Non-Defining (추가 정보), 없으면 Defining (필수 정보)입니다.
TIP 2 · 목적어 관계대명사 생략
Defining에서 관계대명사가 목적어이면 생략 가능: The book (that) I read
TIP 3 · that vs which
Defining에서는 that/which 모두 가능, Non-Defining에서는 which만 가능!
TIP 4 · 문장 결합 연습
두 개의 단순 문장을 관계절로 결합하는 연습을 많이 하면 자연스러워집니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 알맞은 관계대명사/관계부사를 넣으세요.

  • The man ___ called you is my uncle. (who)
  • The book ___ I borrowed is interesting. (that/which)
  • The student ___ phone rang was embarrassed. (whose)
  • The cafe ___ we met is closed. (where)
  • The day ___ we arrived was rainy. (when)
  • My sister, ___ lives in Paris, is visiting. (who)
  • This book, ___ I bought yesterday, is amazing. (which)
  • Mr. Kim, ___ son is in my class, is a doctor. (whose)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • Defining과 Non-Defining 관계절의 차이를 안다.
  • who, which, that, whose, where, when을 구분하여 사용할 수 있다.
  • Non-Defining에서 that을 쓰지 않는 것을 안다.
  • 두 문장을 관계절로 결합할 수 있다.
  • 목적어 관계대명사 생략 규칙을 안다.
  • 일상 대화에서 관계절을 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 4가지를 이해했다.