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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Reported Speech
간접화법 — 누군가의 말을 간접적으로 전달

간접화법은 누군가의 말을 간접적으로 전달하는 표현입니다.

직접인용문의 따옴표를 제거하고 시제, 인칭, 어순을 변경합니다.

  • Direct: "I'm tired," she said.직접화법 — "나 피곤해" 그녀가 말했다.
  • Reported: She said she was tired.간접화법 — 그녀는 피곤하다고 말했다.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
시제 변화 · TENSE SHIFT
am/is/are → was/were
do/does → did
will → would
can → could
인칭/어순 변화
I → he/she
my → his/her
의문문 → 평서문 어순
평서문 전달
say/tell + (that) + 주어 + 동사
She said she was tired.
의문문 전달
ask + if/whether + 주어 + 동사
ask + 의문사 + 주어 + 동사
He asked if I was ready.
  • say: 목적어 없이 사용 → She said she was tired.
  • tell: 반드시 목적어 필요 → She told me she was tired.
  • ask: 질문에 사용 → He asked if I was ready.
  • 명령문: tell/ask + 목적어 + to 부정사
  • 추가 시제 변화: did → had done / have/has → had / may → might
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • "I'm tired." → She said she was tired.그녀는 피곤하다고 말했다.
  • "We are happy." → They said they were happy.그들은 행복하다고 말했다.
  • "He works hard." → She said he worked hard.그녀는 그가 열심히 일한다고 말했다.
  • "I have finished." → He said he had finished.그는 끝냈다고 말했다.
  • "We will go." → They said they would go.그들은 갈 거라고 말했다.
  • "I can help." → She said she could help.그녀는 도울 수 있다고 말했다.
  • "I like pizza." → He said he liked pizza.그는 피자를 좋아한다고 말했다.
  • "She is studying." → He said she was studying.그는 그녀가 공부 중이라고 말했다.
  • "I saw the movie." → She said she had seen the movie.그녀는 영화를 봤다고 말했다.
  • "We may join." → They said they might join.그들은 참여할 수도 있다고 말했다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • "Where are you?" → He asked where I was.그는 내가 어디 있냐고 물었다.
  • "What do you want?" → She asked what I wanted.그녀는 내가 뭘 원하냐고 물었다.
  • "Did you see it?" → He asked if I had seen it.그는 내가 봤냐고 물었다.
  • "Can you help me?" → She asked if I could help her.그녀는 도와줄 수 있냐고 물었다.
  • "Why is he late?" → They asked why he was late.그들은 왜 늦었냐고 물었다.
  • "Are you ready?" → He asked if I was ready.그는 준비됐냐고 물었다.
  • "When will you come?" → She asked when I would come.그녀는 언제 올 거냐고 물었다.
  • "Have you finished?" → She asked if I had finished.그녀는 끝냈냐고 물었다.
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: What did the teacher say?
B: She said we had to finish the homework.
A: Did she ask when we would submit it?
B: Yes, she asked if we could send it by Friday.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Did he say where the hotel was?
B: He said it was near the station.
A: Did he ask if we had booked it?
B: Yes, and he asked when we would arrive.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: What did the manager say?
B: He said the deadline was Monday.
A: Did he ask why the report was late?
B: Yes, and he asked if we needed help.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: What did Mom say?
B: She said dinner was ready.
A: Did she ask if we were hungry?
B: Yes, and she asked what we wanted to eat.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: What did the doctor say?
B: He said I needed rest.
A: Did he ask if you had taken the medicine?
B: Yes, and he asked how I felt.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
"I'm tired," she said.
→ She said she was tired.
"We are happy," they said.
→ They said they were happy.
"He works hard," she said.
→ She said he worked hard.
"I have finished," he said.
→ He said he had finished.
"We will go," they said.
→ They said they would go.
"Where are you?" he asked.
→ He asked where I was.
"Did you see it?" he asked.
→ He asked if I had seen it.
"Can you help me?" she asked.
→ She asked if I could help her.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • She said the meeting started at 3.💼 직장 — 회의가 3시에 시작한다고 말했다.
  • He said he was working late.💼 직장 — 늦게까지 일한다고 말했다.
  • She asked what my name was.🏫 학교 — 이름이 뭐냐고 물었다.
  • He asked how old I was.🏥 병원 — 나이가 몇이냐고 물었다.
  • She asked which one I preferred.🛍 쇼핑 — 어느 것을 선호하냐고 물었다.
  • They said they might join.🏠 가족 — 참여할 수도 있다고 말했다.
  • He told me he needed rest.🏥 병원 — 의사가 쉬어야 한다고 말했다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
평서문 전달 · STATEMENTS
S + said (that) + 주어 + 동사(시제 변화)
She said she was tired.
의문사 질문 전달 · WH-QUESTIONS
S + asked + 의문사 + 주어 + 동사
He asked where I was.
YES/NO 질문 전달
S + asked if/whether + 주어 + 동사
He asked if I was ready.
명령문 전달 · COMMANDS
S + told/asked + 목적어 + to 부정사
She told me to wait. / He asked me to help.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ She said me she was tired.
✓ She told me she was tired.
say는 목적어 없이, tell은 목적어와 함께 사용합니다.
✗ He asked where was I.
✓ He asked where I was.
간접화법에서는 평서문 어순(주어 + 동사)을 사용합니다.
✗ She said she is tired. (과거 상황에서)
✓ She said she was tired.
간접화법에서는 시제를 한 단계 뒤로 이동시킵니다.
✗ He asked did I see it.
✓ He asked if I had seen it.
Yes/No 질문은 if/whether + 평서문 어순으로 전달합니다.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 시제 변화표 암기
am/is→was, are→were, do/does→did, will→would, can→could, may→might
TIP 2 · say vs tell 구분
say + (that) + 절 / tell + 사람 + (that) + 절. tell 뒤에는 반드시 사람이 옵니다.
TIP 3 · 의문문은 평서문 어순
간접화법에서 의문문은 항상 주어 + 동사 순서로 바꿔야 합니다.
TIP 4 · 뉴스/회의 요약에서 연습
뉴스나 회의 내용을 간접화법으로 요약하는 연습을 해보세요.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

직접화법을 간접화법으로 바꿔보세요.

  • "I like pizza." He said ___. (he liked pizza)
  • "She is studying." He said ___. (she was studying)
  • "I will go." She said ___. (she would go)
  • "Where are you?" He asked ___. (where I was)
  • "Do you like it?" He asked ___. (if I liked it)
  • "Can you help?" She asked ___. (if I could help)
  • "I saw the movie." She said ___. (she had seen the movie)
  • "We may join." They said ___. (they might join)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 간접화법의 기본 시제 변화를 이해한다.
  • say와 tell의 차이를 구분할 수 있다.
  • 평서문을 간접화법으로 바꿀 수 있다.
  • Wh-의문문을 간접화법으로 바꿀 수 있다.
  • Yes/No 의문문을 if/whether로 전달할 수 있다.
  • 일상 대화에서 자연스럽게 사용할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 4가지를 이해했다.