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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Cleft Sentences
문장을 나누어 특정 정보를 강조하는 구조 — It is/was + 강조 대상 + who/that
who → 사람 강조: It was John who helped me.
that → 사물/행동/시간/장소 강조: It was the book that he read.
- It was John who helped me.나를 도와준 것은 John이었다.
- It was at 5 that she called.그녀가 전화한 것은 5시였다.
- It was the computer that they fixed.그들이 고친 것은 컴퓨터였다.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
사람 강조 · PERSON
It is/was + 사람 + who
It was Sarah who called.
It was Sarah who called.
사물 강조 · THING
It is/was + 사물 + that
It was the book that he read.
It was the book that he read.
시간 강조 · TIME
It was + 시간 + that
It was yesterday that we met.
It was yesterday that we met.
장소 강조 · PLACE
It was + 장소 + that
It was in Paris that they met.
It was in Paris that they met.
- 현재 강조: It is John who helps me.
- 과거 강조: It was John who helped me.
- 사람: who 사용 / 사물/행동/시간/장소: that 사용
- 의문문: Who was it that...? / What was it that...?
- 시제 일치: 원래 문장의 시제와 강조 시제가 일치해야 함
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
- It was John who helped me.나를 도와준 사람은 John이었다.
- It was Sarah who called you.너에게 전화한 사람은 Sarah였다.
- It is my brother who drives us.우리를 운전해주는 사람은 내 형이다.
- It was the teacher who explained it.설명해준 사람은 선생님이었다.
- It was the book that he read.그가 읽은 것은 그 책이었다.
- It is the idea that matters most.가장 중요한 것은 그 아이디어이다.
- It was yesterday that we met.우리가 만난 것은 어제였다.
- It was in Paris that they got married.그들이 결혼한 곳은 파리였다.
- It is in the morning that I work best.내가 가장 잘 일하는 시간은 아침이다.
- It was the medicine that helped him.그를 도운 것은 약이었다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
- Who was it who helped you?너를 도와준 사람이 누구였니?
- What was it that confused you?너를 혼란스럽게 한 것이 뭐였니?
- Where was it that you met him?그를 만난 곳이 어디였니?
- When was it that she called?그녀가 전화한 것이 언제였니?
- Who is it that organizes the event?행사를 준비하는 사람이 누구니?
- What is it that matters most?가장 중요한 것이 뭐니?
- Who was it that fixed the computer?컴퓨터를 고친 사람이 누구였니?
- What was it that made you laugh?너를 웃게 만든 것이 뭐였니?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Who explained the grammar?
B: It was the teacher who explained it.
A: What helped you understand?
B: It was the example that helped me.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Where did you meet him?
B: It was in Paris that I met him.
A: When was that?
B: It was last summer that we traveled.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: Who finished the report?
B: It was Sarah who finished it.
A: What took the most time?
B: It was the data that delayed us.
🏠 가족 상황 · FAMILY
A: Who cooked dinner?
B: It was Mom who cooked it.
A: What did she make?
B: It was pasta that she made.
🏥 병원 상황 · HOSPITAL
A: Who helped the patient?
B: It was the nurse who helped him.
A: What medicine worked?
B: It was the new pill that helped.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
John helped me.
→ It was John who helped me.
She called at 5.
→ It was at 5 that she called.
They fixed the computer.
→ It was the computer that they fixed.
We met yesterday.
→ It was yesterday that we met.
He sent the email.
→ It was he who sent the email.
She made pasta.
→ It was pasta that she made.
I saw him at the station.
→ It was at the station that I saw him.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
- It was the report that caused confusion. It was Sarah who clarified it.📧 이메일 — 혼란을 일으킨 것은 보고서였고, 해명한 사람은 Sarah였다.
- It is teaching that I love most. It was in Korea that I began my journey.👋 자기소개 — 내가 가장 사랑하는 것은 가르치는 것이고, 여정을 시작한 곳은 한국이었다.
- It was the deadline that pushed us. It was the manager who approved the plan.💼 업무 회의 — 우리를 재촉한 것은 마감이었고, 계획을 승인한 사람은 매니저였다.
- It was the food that amazed us. It was in Kyoto that we found the best ramen.✈️ 여행 — 우리를 놀라게 한 것은 음식이었고, 최고의 라멘은 교토에서 찾았다.
- It was the nurse who helped me recover. It is rest that you need most.🏥 건강 — 회복을 도운 사람은 간호사였고, 가장 필요한 것은 휴식이다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
사람 강조 · PERSON + WHO
It is/was + 사람 + who + 동사
It was John who helped me. / It is Lisa who organizes the event.
It was John who helped me. / It is Lisa who organizes the event.
사물 강조 · THING + THAT
It is/was + 사물/행동 + that + 나머지
It was the book that he read. / It is the idea that matters.
It was the book that he read. / It is the idea that matters.
시간 강조 · TIME + THAT
It is/was + 시간 + that + 나머지
It was yesterday that we met. / It is at 5 that she arrives.
It was yesterday that we met. / It is at 5 that she arrives.
장소 강조 · PLACE + THAT
It is/was + 장소 + that + 나머지
It was in Paris that they met. / It is at home that I work best.
It was in Paris that they met. / It is at home that I work best.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ It was John that helped me.
✓ It was John who helped me.
사람 강조에는 who 사용
✗ It was the book who he read.
✓ It was the book that he read.
사물 강조에는 that 사용
✗ It is at 5 who she arrives.
✓ It is at 5 that she arrives.
시간 강조에는 that 사용
✗ It was yesterday who we met.
✓ It was yesterday that we met.
시간/장소 강조에는 항상 that
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · who vs that
사람에게만 who, 나머지(사물/시간/장소)는 모두 that을 사용하세요.
TIP 2 · 시제 일치
원래 문장이 현재면 It is, 과거면 It was를 사용하세요.
TIP 3 · 강조 대상 파악
같은 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 시간, 장소 등 다양한 부분을 강조할 수 있습니다.
TIP 4 · 글쓰기에 활용
에세이나 보고서에서 핵심 정보를 강조할 때 분열문을 사용하면 문체가 향상됩니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES
빈칸에 who 또는 that 중 알맞은 것을 선택하세요.
- It was John _____ helped me. (who)
- It was the book _____ he read. (that)
- It was yesterday _____ we met. (that)
- It is Lisa _____ organizes the event. (who)
- It was in Paris _____ they got married. (that)
- It was the teacher _____ explained it. (who)
- It was the email _____ confused me. (that)
- It was the doctor _____ treated the patient. (who)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
- 분열문(Cleft Sentence)의 기본 구조를 안다.
- 사람 강조에는 who, 나머지에는 that을 사용할 수 있다.
- 시제에 맞게 It is / It was를 선택할 수 있다.
- 일반 문장을 분열문으로 변환할 수 있다.
- 의문문 형태(Who was it that...?)를 만들 수 있다.
- 실생활에서 핵심 정보를 강조하며 사용할 수 있다.
- 흔한 실수(who/that 혼동)를 피할 수 있다.
