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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Participle Clauses
분사 구문 — 문장을 간결하고 세련되게 만드는 고급 표현

능동 (-ing): Walking to school, I met my friend.

수동 (p.p.): Surprised by the news, she couldn't speak.

완료 (Having + p.p.): Having finished work, she went home.

  • Walking to work, I saw an accident.출근하면서 사고를 보았다.
  • Feeling tired, I decided to rest.피곤해서 쉬기로 했다.
  • Having finished dinner, we watched a movie.저녁을 먹은 후 영화를 봤다.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
능동 · ACTIVE (-ING)
-ing 동시행동/이유
Walking to school, I met him.
수동 · PASSIVE (P.P.)
과거분사 + by/about/with
Surprised by the news, she gasped.
완료 · PERFECT
Having + p.p. 순서/선행
Having finished work, she left.
상태/이유 · STATE
Being + adj/p.p.
Being tired, he went to bed.
  • 주어 일치: 주절과 종속절의 주어가 같을 때만 사용 가능
  • 시간 표현: -ing(동시행동), Having + p.p.(순서/선행)
  • 이유 표현: Being + adj/p.p. (상태/감정)
  • 감정 표현: 과거분사 + by/about/with
  • 문장 위치: 보통 문장 앞에 오고, 쉼표로 구분
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • Walking to school, I met my friend.학교에 걸어가면서 친구를 만났다.
  • Having finished work, she went home.일을 마친 후 집에 갔다.
  • Being tired, he went to bed early.피곤해서 일찍 잠에 들었다.
  • Surprised by the news, she gasped.뉴스에 놀라서 숨을 헐떡였다.
  • Excited about the trip, they packed early.여행에 신나서 일찍 짐을 쌌다.
  • Having reviewed the proposal, I have suggestions.제안서를 검토한 후, 제안사항이 있습니다.
  • Considering the budget, we need alternatives.예산을 고려하면 대안이 필요하다.
  • Feeling confused, she asked for help.혼란스러워서 도움을 요청했다.
  • Analyzing the data, researchers found patterns.데이터를 분석하면서 연구자들은 패턴을 발견했다.
  • Supported by strong evidence, the theory gained credibility.강력한 증거로 뒷받침되어 이론이 신뢰를 얻었다.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Walking home, did you see anything strange?집에 걸어가면서 이상한 것을 봤니?
  • Having finished the work, what did you do next?일을 마친 후 뭘 했니?
  • Feeling tired, did you still go to the gym?피곤했는데도 헬스장에 갔니?
  • Surprised by the result, how did you react?결과에 놀라서 어떻게 반응했니?
  • Being new to the job, did you ask for guidance?새로운 직장이라 안내를 요청했니?
  • Having read the email, do you agree?이메일을 읽고 나서 동의하니?
  • Considering the situation, what would you suggest?상황을 고려하면 뭘 제안하겠니?
  • Having reviewed all options, which one do you prefer?모든 옵션을 검토한 후 어느 것을 선호하니?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
📧 이메일 상황 · EMAIL
A: Having reviewed the proposal, I have some suggestions.
B: Considering the budget constraints, we need alternatives.
A: Looking forward to your response.
📝 에세이 상황 · ESSAY
A: Analyzing the data, researchers found significant patterns.
B: Compared to previous studies, this shows improvement.
A: Having examined all evidence, we can conclude safely.
🗣️ 일상 상황 · DAILY
A: Walking to work, I saw an accident happen.
B: Feeling tired, I decided to rest early tonight.
A: Having finished dinner, we watched a movie together.
💼 직장 상황 · OFFICE
A: Being new to the team, I need guidance.
B: Having worked here for years, I can help you.
A: Supported by the team, I feel more confident.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I walked to school. I met my friend.
→ Walking to school, I met my friend.
She finished work. She went home.
→ Having finished work, she went home.
He was tired. He went to bed early.
→ Being tired, he went to bed early.
She was surprised by the news. She couldn't speak.
→ Surprised by the news, she couldn't speak.
They were excited about the trip. They packed early.
→ Excited about the trip, they packed early.
I felt confused. I asked for help.
→ Feeling confused, I asked for help.
We reviewed the proposal. We have suggestions.
→ Having reviewed the proposal, we have suggestions.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • Having reviewed the proposal, I have some suggestions.📧 이메일 — 제안서를 검토한 후, 제안사항이 있습니다.
  • Considering the budget constraints, we need alternatives.📧 이메일 — 예산 제약을 고려하면 대안이 필요합니다.
  • Analyzing the data, researchers found significant patterns.📝 에세이 — 데이터를 분석하면서 연구자들은 유의미한 패턴을 발견했다.
  • Walking to work, I saw an accident happen.🗣️ 일상 — 출근하면서 사고를 목격했다.
  • Feeling tired, I decided to rest early tonight.🗣️ 일상 — 피곤해서 오늘 일찍 쉬기로 했다.
  • Surprised by the news, she couldn't speak initially.🗣️ 일상 — 뉴스에 놀라서 처음에 말을 못 했다.
  • Supported by strong evidence, the theory gains credibility.📝 에세이 — 강력한 증거로 뒷받침되어 이론이 신뢰를 얻었다.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
시간 표현 · TIME
-ing (동시행동) / Having + p.p. (순서)
Walking to school, I met him. / Having finished work, she left.
이유 표현 · REASON
Being + adj/p.p. (상태/감정)
Being tired, he went to bed early. / Being confused, she asked.
감정/반응 · EMOTION
과거분사 + by/about/with
Surprised by the news, she gasped. / Excited about the trip, they packed.
글쓰기 활용 · WRITING
Considering / Analyzing / Compared to
Considering the budget, we need alternatives. / Compared to previous studies, this shows improvement.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ Being tired, he sleep early.
✓ Being tired, he slept early.
주절의 동사는 올바른 시제를 사용해야 합니다.
✗ Having finish the work, he left.
✓ Having finished the work, he left.
Having 뒤에는 과거분사를 사용합니다.
✗ Walking to school, the rain started.
✓ Walking to school, I got caught in the rain.
분사구문의 주어와 주절의 주어가 같아야 합니다.
✗ Surprising by the news, she gasped.
✓ Surprised by the news, she gasped.
감정을 받는 경우 과거분사(surprised) 사용.
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 주어 일치 확인
분사구문은 주절과 종속절의 주어가 같을 때만 사용 가능합니다. 항상 확인하세요.
TIP 2 · 능동 vs 수동 구분
능동은 -ing형, 수동은 과거분사, 완료는 having + p.p.를 사용합니다.
TIP 3 · 에세이/보고서에 활용
분사구문은 문체를 향상시키는 핵심 문법입니다. 글쓰기에 적극 활용하세요.
TIP 4 · 다양한 의미 관계
시간, 이유, 조건, 대조 등 다양한 의미 관계를 표현할 수 있습니다.
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

두 문장을 분사 구문으로 결합하세요.

  • I walked home. I saw a rainbow. → Walking home, I saw a rainbow.
  • She was tired. She went to bed. → Being tired, she went to bed.
  • He finished the report. He went home. → Having finished the report, he went home.
  • She was shocked by the news. She froze. → Shocked by the news, she froze.
  • They studied hard. They passed the exam. → Having studied hard, they passed the exam.
  • I felt sick. I stayed home. → Feeling sick, I stayed home.
  • We reviewed the plan. We made changes. → Having reviewed the plan, we made changes.
  • He was confused. He asked for help. → Being confused, he asked for help.
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 분사 구문의 기본 개념을 안다.
  • 능동(-ing), 수동(p.p.), 완료(Having + p.p.)를 구분할 수 있다.
  • 주어 일치 규칙을 이해한다.
  • 두 문장을 분사 구문으로 결합할 수 있다.
  • 감정 표현에서 -ing와 p.p.를 올바르게 선택할 수 있다.
  • 에세이나 보고서에서 분사 구문을 활용할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수(주어 불일치, 시제 오류)를 피할 수 있다.