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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
who, which, that
관계대명사 — 두 문장을 하나로 연결하는 접착제
WHO · 사람
The man who helped me
WHICH · 사물
The book which I read
THAT · 모두
The dog that barks
  • This is the teacher who helped me.나를 도와준 선생님이에요.
  • I have a book which explains grammar.문법을 설명하는 책이 있어요.
  • She likes the dog that barks loudly.크게 짖는 개를 좋아해요.
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
  • who: 사람 → The man who lives next door is friendly.
  • which: 사물/동물 → The book which you gave me is interesting.
  • that: 사람/사물 모두 → The movie that we watched was fun.
  • 제한적 관계절: 필수 정보, 쉼표 없음 → The student who studies hard will pass.
  • 비제한적 관계절: 추가 정보, 쉼표 사용 → My brother, who lives in Seoul, is a doctor.
  • 목적어 역할: 생략 가능 → The book (that) I read was great.
  • 주어 역할: 생략 불가 → The girl who helped me is kind.
  • 소유격: whose → The student whose book is missing should see me.
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • The teacher who teaches math is strict.수학 가르치는 선생님은 엄격해요.
  • I met a woman who speaks five languages.다섯 개 언어를 하는 여성을 만났어요.
  • He is the boy who won the race.경주에서 이긴 소년이에요.
  • This is the book which explains everything.모든 것을 설명하는 책이에요.
  • I bought a phone which has a great camera.좋은 카메라가 있는 폰을 샀어요.
  • The cake which she made was delicious.그녀가 만든 케이크가 맛있었어요.
  • This is the song that I love.내가 좋아하는 노래예요.
  • We watched a movie that made us laugh.우리를 웃게 한 영화를 봤어요.
  • They live in a house that has a garden.정원이 있는 집에 살아요.
  • She wears a necklace that her mom gave her.엄마가 준 목걸이를 해요.
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Who is the person who called you?전화한 사람이 누구예요?
  • Is this the teacher who teaches science?과학 가르치는 선생님이에요?
  • Do you know anyone who speaks Korean?한국어 하는 사람 아세요?
  • What's the name of the movie that you watched?본 영화 제목이 뭐예요?
  • Is this the dog that barks at night?밤에 짖는 개예요?
  • Do you have a friend who lives abroad?해외에 사는 친구 있어요?
  • Which website do you use that helps with English?영어에 도움 되는 웹사이트 뭐 써요?
  • Is this the pen that you gave me?당신이 준 펜이에요?
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 · SCHOOL
A: Who is the teacher who teaches English?
B: That's Mr. Kim. He's very kind.
A: Is he the one who gave us homework?
B: Yes, and the homework that he gave is interesting.
✈️ 여행 · TRAVEL
A: Do you know a place that has good food?
B: There's a restaurant which serves Korean dishes.
A: The chef who works there is famous.
B: You'll definitely enjoy it.
💼 직장 · WORK
A: Who is the colleague who speaks French?
B: That's Marie. She helped with translation.
A: The project which she started is going well.
B: We need more people who have language skills.
🛒 쇼핑 · SHOPPING
A: Where's the store that sells electronics?
B: It's the one which is on the second floor.
A: The owner who runs it is very friendly.
B: You'll be happy with this place.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
This is the man. + He helped me.
→ This is the man who helped me.
I have a book. + It explains grammar.
→ I have a book which explains grammar.
She likes the dog. + It barks loudly.
→ She likes the dog that barks loudly.
We visited a museum. + It was very old.
→ We visited a museum which was very old.
He met a woman. + She speaks French.
→ He met a woman who speaks French.
This is the movie. + You recommended it.
→ This is the movie that you recommended.
She knows a teacher. + He teaches math.
→ She knows a teacher who teaches math.
They live in a house. + It has a garden.
→ They live in a house that has a garden.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • This is Jane, who works in our marketing team.📧 이메일 — 마케팅팀 제인이에요.
  • I'm a student who loves learning languages.🎓 자기소개 — 언어 배우기를 좋아하는 학생이에요.
  • This is a phone that has a long battery life.📱 제품설명 — 배터리 오래가는 폰이에요.
  • The guide who speaks English will explain.🏛️ 관광안내 — 영어 하는 가이드가 설명해요.
  • I created a website that helps students learn.💻 소셜미디어 — 학습 도움 웹사이트를 만들었어요.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
THE PERSON WHO
The person who + 동사 → The person who called is my friend.
THE THING WHICH
The thing which + 동사 → The thing which broke was expensive.
THE NOUN THAT + S + V
The book that I read → 목적어 역할 (생략 가능)
SOMEONE WHO
Someone who + 동사 → She met someone who speaks French.
생략 패턴
목적어 역할 시 생략 → The book (that) I bought is useful.
비제한적 관계절
쉼표 사용 → My brother, who lives in Seoul, is a doctor.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ The man which helped me
✓ The man who helped me
사람에게는 who (which는 사물)
✗ I saw a dog who barked
✓ I saw a dog that/which barked
동물에게는 that 또는 which
✗ I have a friend he plays guitar
✓ I have a friend who plays guitar
관계대명사로 연결 (대명사 중복 금지)
✗ The movie which I watched it
✓ The movie which I watched
관계대명사가 대명사 역할 → it 불필요
✗ I like teachers which explain clearly
✓ I like teachers who explain clearly
사람에게는 who (which는 사물)
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 사람 vs 사물
who는 사람, which는 사물/동물, that은 모두 가능! 헷갈리면 that을 쓰세요.
TIP 2 · 생략 규칙
목적어 역할일 때만 생략 가능! 주어 역할이면 반드시 써야 합니다.
TIP 3 · 쉼표 = 추가 정보
쉼표가 있으면 비제한적 관계절 (추가 정보), 없으면 제한적 관계절 (필수 정보).
TIP 4 · 대명사 중복 금지
"The man who he helped me" ❌ → 관계대명사가 이미 대명사 역할을 합니다.
TIP 5 · 문장 결합 연습
매일 짧은 문장 2개를 관계대명사로 합치는 연습을 하세요!
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

빈칸에 who, which, that 중 알맞은 것을 고르세요.

  • The girl ___ helped me is my friend. (who)
  • I bought a book ___ explains grammar. (which/that)
  • The man ___ lives next door is friendly. (who)
  • This is the movie ___ we watched. (that)
  • She has a dog ___ understands commands. (that/which)
  • The teacher ___ teaches science is strict. (who)
  • I found a website ___ helps with English. (which/that)
  • The person ___ called you is my uncle. (who)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • who, which, that의 차이를 설명할 수 있다.
  • 사람에게 who, 사물에 which를 쓸 수 있다.
  • that으로 who/which를 대체할 수 있다.
  • 제한적/비제한적 관계절의 차이를 안다.
  • 관계대명사 생략 규칙을 이해했다.
  • 두 문장을 관계대명사로 합칠 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수 5가지를 피할 수 있다.