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기본 개념BASIC CONCEPT
⭐ TODAY'S KEY GRAMMAR
Past Simple vs Past Continuous
단순과거는 완료된 행동, 과거진행은 진행 중이던 행동을 표현

Past Simple → 과거의 완료된 행동이나 사건을 표현합니다. 시작과 끝이 명확한 과거 사건입니다.

Past Continuous → 과거의 특정 시점에 진행 중이던 행동을 나타냅니다. 주어 + was/were + -ing 형태입니다.

  • I watched a movie last night.어젯밤 영화를 봤어요. (Past Simple - 완료된 행동)
  • I was watching a movie when you called.네가 전화했을 때 영화를 보고 있었어요. (Past Continuous - 진행 중이던 행동)
  • She cooked dinner yesterday.어제 저녁을 요리했어요. (요리를 완료함)
  • She was cooking when I arrived.내가 도착했을 때 요리하고 있었어요. (도착했을 때 요리 중이었음)
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문법 규칙GRAMMAR RULES
PAST SIMPLE · 단순과거
주어 + 과거형 동사
I walked / I didn't walk / Did I walk?
PAST CONTINUOUS · 과거진행
주어 + was/were + 동사-ing
I was walking / I wasn't walking
시제 결합 · COMBINATION
When/While 패턴
I was cooking when he arrived.
사용 상황 · USAGE
완료 vs 진행
완료된 사건 vs 진행 중이던 행동
  • Past Simple: 완료된 사건, 순서가 있는 사건들, 과거 습관
  • Past Continuous: 배경 설명, 중단된 행동, 동시 진행 행동
  • 시간 표현: yesterday, last week, in 2020 (Simple) / at 5pm, while, when (Continuous)
  • When + Past Simple: 짧은 행동이 긴 행동을 끊을 때
  • While + Past Continuous: 두 행동이 동시에 진행될 때
  • 불규칙 동사: go → went, eat → ate, see → saw 등 암기 필요
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긍정문 예시POSITIVE EXAMPLES
  • I visited my grandma yesterday.어제 할머니를 방문했어요 (Past Simple)
  • She cooked dinner last night.어젯밤 저녁을 요리했어요
  • We watched a movie on Friday.금요일에 영화를 봤어요
  • They played soccer after school.방과 후 축구를 했어요
  • He finished his homework early.숙제를 일찍 끝냈어요
  • I was reading a book at 8pm.8시에 책을 읽고 있었어요 (Past Continuous)
  • She was cooking when I arrived.내가 도착했을 때 요리하고 있었어요
  • We were walking in the park.공원에서 산책하고 있었어요
  • They were studying all evening.저녁 내내 공부하고 있었어요
  • I was sleeping when the alarm rang.알람이 울렸을 때 자고 있었어요 (시제 혼합)
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의문문 예시QUESTION EXAMPLES
  • Did you go to the party?파티에 갔어요? — Yes, I went with Sarah.
  • Did she finish the report?보고서를 끝냈나요? — No, she's still working on it.
  • Did they watch the movie?영화를 봤나요? — Yes, they loved it.
  • Did you study last night?어젯밤 공부했어요? — Yes, for three hours.
  • Were you sleeping at 10pm?10시에 자고 있었어요? — No, I was watching TV.
  • Was she cooking when you arrived?도착했을 때 요리하고 있었나요? — Yes, she was making pasta.
  • Were they playing soccer?축구를 하고 있었나요? — Yes, in the park.
  • Was he working all day?하루 종일 일하고 있었나요? — No, he took a break.
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상황별 대화 흐름SITUATIONAL DIALOGUES
🏫 학교 상황 · SCHOOL
A: Did you study for the test?
B: Yes, I studied last night.
A: What were you doing at 9pm?
B: I was reviewing grammar.
✈️ 여행 상황 · TRAVEL
A: Did you visit the museum?
B: Yes, I went there yesterday.
A: Were you walking when it started to rain?
B: Yes, I was walking near the river.
💼 직장 상황 · WORK
A: Did you finish the report?
B: Yes, I sent it this morning.
A: What were you doing at 10am?
B: I was meeting with the team.
🏠 가정 상황 · HOME
A: Did Mom cook dinner?
B: Yes, she made pasta.
A: What were you doing while she cooked?
B: I was setting the table.
👫 친구 상황 · FRIENDS
A: What did you do last weekend?
B: I visited my cousin in Seoul.
A: Were you having fun there?
B: Yes, we were exploring the city.
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문장 결합 연습SENTENCE COMBINING
I was walking. + It started to rain.
→ I was walking when it started to rain.
She was cooking. + The phone rang.
→ She was cooking when the phone rang.
We were studying. + The lights went out.
→ We were studying when the lights went out.
He was driving. + He saw an accident.
→ He was driving when he saw an accident.
I was sleeping. + You called me.
→ I was sleeping when you called me.
They were playing soccer. + It started to snow.
→ They were playing soccer when it started to snow.
I was reading. + The doorbell rang.
→ I was reading when the doorbell rang.
He was working. + His computer crashed.
→ He was working when his computer crashed.
I was watching TV. + The power went out.
→ I was watching TV when the power went out.
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실생활 사용 예시REAL-LIFE USAGE
  • I finished the report yesterday. I was writing it when the manager called.💼 이메일 보고 — 어제 보고서를 끝냈어요. 매니저가 전화했을 때 쓰고 있었어요.
  • I was walking home when I saw a deer in the street.📝 일기 작성 — 집에 걸어가고 있었는데 길에서 사슴을 봤어요.
  • I was taking a shower when you called. I heard the phone but couldn't reach it.📞 전화 설명 — 전화했을 때 샤워 중이었어요.
  • The accident happened at 3pm. Traffic was moving slowly when a truck hit the bridge.📺 뉴스 리포트 — 사고는 3시에 발생했어요.
  • We were discussing grammar when the fire alarm rang.🏫 수업 중 — 문법을 토론하고 있었는데 화재 경보가 울렸어요.
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자주 쓰이는 패턴COMMON PATTERNS
PAST SIMPLE + TIME MARKER
주어 + 과거형 동사 + 시간 표현
I visited Paris last summer.
PAST CONTINUOUS + SPECIFIC TIME
주어 + was/were + -ing + 시간
I was studying at 8pm.
WHEN + INTERRUPTION
Past Continuous + when + Past Simple
I was cooking when he arrived.
WHILE + PARALLEL ACTIONS
While + Past Continuous, Past Continuous
While I was reading, she was cleaning.
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흔한 실수COMMON MISTAKES
✗ I was go to school.
✓ I was going to school.
Past Continuous는 was/were + 동사-ing 형태
✗ They was playing soccer.
✓ They were playing soccer.
복수 주어(They)에는 were 사용
✗ Did you went to the party?
✓ Did you go to the party?
Did 뒤에는 동사원형 사용
✗ He didn't went home.
✓ He didn't go home.
didn't 뒤에는 동사원형 사용
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레벨업 팁LEVEL-UP TIPS
TIP 1 · 시제 구분
Past Simple은 완료된 행동, Past Continuous는 진행 중이던 행동에 사용하세요.
TIP 2 · When vs While
When은 짧은 행동이 긴 행동을 끊을 때 (interruption), While은 두 행동이 동시에 진행될 때 사용합니다.
TIP 3 · 불규칙 동사
불규칙 동사 과거형은 반드시 암기하세요: go → went, eat → ate, see → saw
TIP 4 · 스토리텔링
이야기할 때 두 시제를 섞어 쓰면 더 자연스러운 흐름을 만들 수 있습니다. 배경은 Past Continuous, 주요 사건은 Past Simple!
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연습문제PRACTICE EXERCISES

알맞은 답을 선택하세요.

  • I was go to school. / I was going to school. (I was going to school.)
  • She goed home. / She went home. (She went home.)
  • I ___ watching TV when the phone rang. (was / were) (was)
  • I studied yesterday. / I was studying when he called. — 어떤 문장이 interruption? (I was studying when he called.)
  • They ___ playing soccer. (was / were) (were)
  • I was walking. + It started to rain. → ___ (I was walking when it started to rain.)
  • She was cooking. + The phone rang. → ___ (She was cooking when the phone rang.)
  • We were studying. + The lights went out. → ___ (We were studying when the lights went out.)
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자가진단 체크리스트SELF-CHECK
  • 과거 단순과 과거 진행의 차이를 설명할 수 있다.
  • 과거 진행형 문장을 만들 수 있다.
  • when/while과 함께 두 시제를 결합할 수 있다.
  • 과거에 동시에 일어난 일을 표현할 수 있다.
  • 흔한 실수를 피할 수 있다.